- Yale New Haven Hospital20 York StreetNew Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Neurosciences InstituteYale Physicians Building800 Howard Avenue, Ste Lower LevelNew Haven, CT 06519
- Yale New Haven Hospital Saint Raphael Campus1450 Chapel StreetNew Haven, CT 06511
Richard Nowak, MD, MS
Biography
Richard Nowak, MD, MS, is the director of the Yale Myasthenia Gravis Clinic, where he treats patients with the chronic, autoimmune condition that causes muscles to tire and weaken easily. He provides personalized treatment strategies for patients suffering from myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune neuromuscular conditions.
In addition, Dr. Nowak works with the Yale Medicine Neuromuscular Medicine Program, which is supported by the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA), and is a designated MDA-ALS clinic. The program provides comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, consultation and management for a range of neuromuscular disorders.
An associate professor of neurology at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Nowak is also a busy researcher who directs the Program in Clinical and Translational Neuromuscular Research at Yale, where his goal is to improve the understanding of autoimmune neuromuscular disorders, identify new drug targets and explore new therapies. In 2013, he was awarded a $4.8 million grant to conduct the first clinical trial for myasthenia gravis sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Titles
- Associate Professor of Neurology
- Director, Program in Clinical & Translational Neuromuscular Research
- Director, Yale Myasthenia Gravis Clinic
Education & Training
- FellowshipYale-New Haven Hospital (2012)
- ResidencyYale-New Haven Hospital (2011)
- ResidentYale-New Haven Hospital (2008)
- MDDrexel University College of Medicine (2007)
- MSNorthwestern University (1999)
- BSLoyola University of Chicago (1997)
Additional Information
- Nowak R, Benatar M, Ciafaloni E, Howard J, Leite M, Utsugisawa K, Vissing J, Rojavin M, Li Q, Tang F, Wu Y, Rampal N, Cheng S. A Phase 3 Trial of Inebilizumab in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2025, 392: 2309-2320. PMID: 40202593, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2501561.
- Roy B, Obaid A, Wang Z, Kovacs K, Ohashi S, Kalayci F, Joo D, Masi G, Coppola C, Das S, Hernandez A, Martin-Aguilar L, Lleixà C, Nowak R, Querol L, O'Connor K. Failure of early B cell tolerance and possible BCR signaling dysregulation underlie NF155-mediated autoimmune nodopathies. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2026, 123: e2525717123. PMID: 42008666, PMCID: PMC13123804, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2525717123.
- McLaren N, Gutierrez A, Joo D, Roy B, Park M, Nowak R. Variations in clinical features and disease burden of myasthenia gravis between racial and ethnic groups: A retrospective cohort study of two national databases. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2026, 481: 125740. PMID: 41500177, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2026.125740.
- Masi G, Chen K, Bayer A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Pham M, Wallace A, Falso S, Evoli A, Iorio R, Hoehn K, Iwasaki A, Nowak R, O'Connor K. IgA autoantibodies demonstrate a novel mechanism of MuSK myasthenia gravis pathology. Brain 2025, awaf410. PMID: 41147199, PMCID: PMC13005154, DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaf410.
- Bayer A, Sanmarco L, Pellerin A, Masi G, Plasencia A, Anderson J, Nowak R, Damato V, Massacesi L, Pham M, Khani-Habibabadi F, Vital H, Higginson-Scott N, Otipoby K, Xing Y, Mascanfroni I, O’Connor K. Therapeutic IgG- and IgM-specific proteases disarm the acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies that drive myasthenia gravis pathology. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2025, 122: e2505984122. PMID: 41118207, PMCID: PMC12582293, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2505984122.
- Roy B, Chen J, Khani‐Habibabadi F, McLaren N, Soliven B, Juel V, O’Connor K, Nowak R, Kusner L, Kaminski H. A Distinct Immunological Signature in Late‐Onset Myasthenia Gravis: Insights from an Exploratory Proteomics Study. Annals Of Neurology 2025, 99: 198-210. PMID: 40913424, DOI: 10.1002/ana.78017.
- Khani-Habibabadi F, Roy B, Pham M, Obaid A, Filipek B, Nowak R, O'Connor K. AChR Autoantibody Pathogenic Properties Are Heterogeneously Distributed and Undergo Temporal Changes Among Patients With Myasthenia Gravis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2025, 12: e200436. PMID: 40680247, PMCID: PMC12275905, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200436.
- McLaren N, Roy B, Nowak R. Understanding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Myasthenia Gravis Outcomes. Neurology Clinical Practice 2025, 15: e200503. PMID: 40584640, PMCID: PMC12204767, DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200503.
- Bayer A, Nowak R, O'Connor K. Contribution of cellular immune dysregulation to myasthenia gravis pathology. International Review Of Neurobiology 2025, 182: 43-66. PMID: 40675740, DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.035.
- Ting A, Park M, Sangha O, Kumar M, Ricci J, Lee E, Nowak R. Risk of Exacerbation and Level of Healthcare Resource Utilization in Myasthenia Gravis Assessed by Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living Score. Neurology And Therapy 2025, 14: 575-591. PMID: 39961947, PMCID: PMC11906949, DOI: 10.1007/s40120-025-00711-3.
- Antozzi C, Vu T, Ramchandren S, Nowak R, Farmakidis C, Bril V, De Bleecker J, Yang H, Minks E, Park J, Grudniak M, Smilowski M, Sevilla T, Hoffmann S, Sivakumar K, Suzuki Y, Youssef E, Sanga P, Karcher K, Zhu Y, Sheehan J, Sun H, Group T. Safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in adults with generalised myasthenia gravis (Vivacity-MG3): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Lancet Neurology 2025, 24: 105-116. PMID: 39862879, DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00498-8.
- Miller-Wilson L, Arackal J, Edwards Y, Schwinn J, Rockstein K, Venker B, Nowak R. Epidemiology and patient characteristics of the US myasthenia gravis population: real-world evidence from a large insurance claims database. BMJ Neurology Open 2025, 7: e001076. PMID: 40556711, PMCID: PMC12186037, DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2025-001076.
- Brew S, Frey M, McCarthy D, Elhofy A, Nowak R. Antigen-specific immune therapy (CNP-106) for treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis: rationale and design of first-in-human randomised controlled trial. BMJ Neurology Open 2024, 6: e000836. PMID: 39720510, PMCID: PMC11667273, DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2024-000836.
- Garbey M, Lesport Q, Girma H, Öztosun G, Abu-Rub M, Guidon A, Juel V, Nowak R, Soliven B, Aban I, Kaminski H. Application of digital tools and artificial intelligence in the Myasthenia Gravis Core Examination. Frontiers In Neurology 2024, 15: 1474884. PMID: 39697445, PMCID: PMC11652356, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1474884.
- Nowak R, Habib A, Klink A, Muppidi S, Parthan A, Sader S, Balanean A, Gajra A, Howard J. US Clinical Practice Experience with Eculizumab in Myasthenia Gravis: Acute Clinical Events and Healthcare Resource Utilization. Drugs - Real World Outcomes 2024, 11: 593-601. PMID: 39470958, PMCID: PMC11589080, DOI: 10.1007/s40801-024-00457-8.
- Baxter L, Hopkins S, O'Connor K, Pham M, Nowak R, Monson N, Blackburn K, Hibbs R, Vernino S, Noviello C. Fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography specifically detects autoantibodies targeting the ganglionic acetylcholine receptor in patients with autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy. Journal Of Neuroimmunology 2024, 396: 578454. PMID: 39277987, PMCID: PMC12219111, DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578454.
- Habib A, Klink A, Muppidi S, Parthan A, Sader S, Balanean A, Gajra A, Nowak R, Howard J. United States clinical practice experience with eculizumab in myasthenia gravis: symptoms, function, and immunosuppressant therapy use. Journal Of Neurology 2024, 271: 6114-6126. PMID: 39052039, PMCID: PMC11377470, DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12569-w.
- Bodansky A, Yu D, Rallistan A, Kalaycioglu M, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Green D, Gauthier J, Turtle C, Zorn K, O'Donovan B, Mandel-Brehm C, Asaki J, Kortbawi H, Kung A, Rackaityte E, Wang C, Saxena A, de Dios K, Masi G, Nowak R, O'Connor K, Li H, Diaz V, Saloner R, Casaletto K, Gontrum E, Chan B, Kramer J, Wilson M, Utz P, Hill J, Jackson S, Anderson M, DeRisi J. Unveiling the proteome-wide autoreactome enables enhanced evaluation of emerging CAR-T therapies in autoimmunity. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2024, 134: e180012. PMID: 38753445, PMCID: PMC11213466, DOI: 10.1172/jci180012.
- Yandamuri S, Filipek B, Lele N, Cohen I, Bennett J, Nowak R, Sotirchos E, Longbrake E, Mace E, O'Connor K. A non-canonical CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subset indicative of prior cytotoxic activity is elevated in patients with autoantibody-mediated neurologic diseases. The Journal Of Immunology 2024, 212: 785-800. PMID: 38251887, PMCID: PMC10932911, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300015.
- Benatar M, Wiendl H, Nowak R, Zheng Y, Macias W. Batoclimab as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis: rationale and study design of a phase 3 clinical trial. BMJ Neurology Open 2024, 6: e000536. PMID: 38268752, PMCID: PMC10806862, DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2023-000536.
- Howard J, Bresch S, Farmakidis C, Freimer M, Genge A, Hewamadduma C, Hinton J, Hussain Y, Juntas-Morales R, Kaminski H, Maniaol A, Mantegazza R, Masuda M, Nowak R, Sivakumar K, Śmiłowski M, Utsugisawa K, Vu T, Weiss M, Zajda M, Bloemers J, Boroojerdi B, Brock M, de la Borderie G, Duda P, Vanderkelen M, Leite M. Long-term safety and efficacy of zilucoplan in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: interim analysis of the RAISE-XT open-label extension study. Therapeutic Advances In Neurological Disorders 2024, 17: 17562864241243186. PMID: 38638673, PMCID: PMC11025429, DOI: 10.1177/17562864241243186.
- Antozzi C, Guptill J, Bril V, Gamez J, Meuth S, Nowak R, Quan D, Sevilla T, Jouvin M, Jin J, Karcher K, Ramchandren S, Sun H, Ling L, Zhu Y, Arroyo S, Group F. Safety and Efficacy of Nipocalimab in Patients With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. Neurology 2023, 102: e207937. PMID: 38165333, PMCID: PMC10962909, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207937.
- Nowak R, Breiner A, Bril V, Allen J, Khan S, Levine T, Jacobs D, Sahagian G, Siddiqi Z, Xu J, Macias W, Benatar M, Adams L, Genge A, Habib A, Hinton J, Holmlund T, Jacobs D, Lange D, Nicolle M, Phan H, Silvestri N, Small G, Yegiaian S. Subcutaneous batoclimab in generalized myasthenia gravis: Results from a Phase 2a trial with an open‐label extension. Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2023, 11: 194-206. PMID: 38062618, PMCID: PMC10791011, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51946.
- Schlatter M, Yandamuri S, O'Connor K, Nowak R, Pham M, Obaid A, Redman C, Provost M, McSweeney P, Pearlman M, Tees M, Bowen J, Nash R, Georges G. Remission of severe myasthenia gravis after autologous stem cell transplantation. Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2023, 10: 2105-2113. PMID: 37726935, PMCID: PMC10646993, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51898.
- Torabi T, Zubair A, Nowak R, Tseng B, Haims A, Roy B. Leg MRI as a Complementary Diagnostic Tool in the Assessment of Foot Drop. Journal Of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease 2023, 25: 57-58. PMID: 37611274, DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000433.
- Zubair A, Rethana M, Ma A, McAlpine L, Abulaban A, Munro B, Patwa H, Nowak R, Roy B. Plasmapheresis Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Patients With Autoimmune Neuromuscular and Neuro-immunological Conditions. Journal Of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease 2023, 25: 11-17. PMID: 37611265, DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000439.
- Pham M, Masi G, Patzina R, Obaid A, Oxendine S, Oh S, Payne A, Nowak R, O’Connor K. Individual myasthenia gravis autoantibody clones can efficiently mediate multiple mechanisms of pathology. Acta Neuropathologica 2023, 146: 319-336. PMID: 37344701, PMCID: PMC11380498, DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02603-y.
- Yandamuri S, Filipek B, Obaid A, Lele N, Thurman J, Makhani N, Nowak R, Guo Y, Lucchinetti C, Flanagan E, Longbrake E, O’Connor K. MOGAD patient autoantibodies induce complement, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity. JCI Insight 2023, 8: e165373. PMID: 37097758, PMCID: PMC10393237, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165373.
- Jiang R, Roy B, Wu Q, Mohanty S, Nowak R, Shaw A, Kleinstein S, O’Connor K. The Plasma Cell Infiltrate Populating the Muscle Tissue of Patients with Inclusion Body Myositis Features Distinct B Cell Receptor Repertoire Properties. ImmunoHorizons 2023, 7: 310-322. PMID: 37171806, PMCID: PMC10579972, DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200078.
- Guptill J, Benatar M, Granit V, Habib A, Howard J, Barnett-Tapia C, Nowak R, Lee I, Ruzhansky K, Dimachkie M, Cutter G, Kaminski H, Group F. Addressing Outcome Measure Variability in Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Trials. Neurology 2023, 101: 442-451. PMID: 37076302, PMCID: PMC10491448, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207278.
- Clinicoserological insights into patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced myasthenia gravisMasi G, Pham M, Karatz T, Oh S, Payne A, Nowak R, Howard J, Guptill J, Juel V, O'Connor K. Clinicoserological insights into patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced myasthenia gravis. Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2023, 10: 825-831. PMID: 36924454, PMCID: PMC10187728, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51761.
- Fichtner ML, Hoehn KB, Ford EE, Mane-Damas M, Oh S, Waters P, Payne AS, Smith ML, Watson CT, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P, Nowak RJ, Kleinstein SH, O’Connor K. Reemergence of pathogenic, autoantibody-producing B cell clones in myasthenia gravis following B cell depletion therapy. Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2022, 10: 154. PMID: 36307868, PMCID: PMC9617453, DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01454-0.
- Zubair A, Roy B, Baehring J, Nowak R. Myasthenia Gravis in the Setting of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Practical Considerations and Opinion-Based Approach to Acute Management. Cureus 2022, 14: e30638. PMID: 36439604, PMCID: PMC9683636, DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30638.
- Roy B, Kovvuru S, Castillo Y, Huttner A, Nowak R. Reply to: What is the pattern of the neuropathy associated with anti‐FGFR3 antibodies? European Journal Of Neurology 2020, 27: e59-e59. PMID: 32503081, DOI: 10.1111/ene.14381.
- Howard JF, Nowak RJ, Wolfe GI, Freimer ML, Vu TH, Hinton JL, Benatar M, Duda PW, MacDougall JE, Farzaneh-Far R, Kaminski HJ, Barohn R, Dimachkie M, Pasnoor M, Farmakidis C, Liu T, Colgan S, Benatar M, Bertorini T, Pillai R, Henegar R, Bromberg M, Gibson S, Janecki T, Freimer M, Elsheikh B, Matisak P, Genge A, Guidon A, David W, Habib A, Mathew V, Mozaffar T, Hinton J, Hewitt W, Barnett D, Sullivan P, Ho D, Howard J, Traub R, Chopra M, Kaminski H, Aly R, Bayat E, Abu-Rub M, Khan S, Lange D, Holzberg S, Khatri B, Lindman E, Olapo T, Sershon L, Lisak R, Bernitsas E, Jia K, Malik R, Lewis-Collins T, Nicolle M, Nowak R, Sharma A, Roy B, Nye J, Pulley M, Berger A, Shabbir Y, Sachdev A, Patterson K, Siddiqi Z, Sivak M, Bratton J, Small G, Kohli A, Fetter M, Vu T, Lam L, Harvey B, Wolfe G, Silvestri N, Patrick K, Zakalik K, Duda P, MacDougall J, Farzaneh-Far R, Pontius A, Hoarty M. Clinical Effects of the Self-administered Subcutaneous Complement Inhibitor Zilucoplan in Patients With Moderate to Severe Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. JAMA Neurology 2020, 77: 582-592. PMID: 32065623, PMCID: PMC7042797, DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.5125.
- Group I, Jacob S, Muppidi S, Guidon A, Guptill J, Hehir M, Howard J, Illa I, Mantegazza R, Murai H, Utsugisawa K, Vissing J, Wiendl H, Nowak R. Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2020, 412: 116803. PMID: 32247193, PMCID: PMC7105910, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116803.
- Kovvuru S, Cardenas Y, Huttner A, Nowak R, Roy B. Clinical characteristics of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 antibody‐related polyneuropathy: a retrospective study. European Journal Of Neurology 2020, 27: 1310-1318. PMID: 32068339, DOI: 10.1111/ene.14180.
- Allen J, Gelinas D, Lewis R, Nowak R, Wolfe G. Optimizing the Use of Outcome Measures in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. TouchREVIEWS In Neurology 2017, 13: 26. DOI: 10.17925/usn.2017.13.01.26.
- Burns TM, Smith GA, Allen JA, Amato AA, Arnold WD, Barohn R, Benatar M, Bird SJ, Bromberg M, Chahin N, Ciafaloni E, Cohen JA, Corse A, Crum BA, David WS, Dimberg E, Sousa E, Donofrio PD, Dyck PJ, Engel AG, Ensrud ER, Ferrante M, Freimer M, Gable KL, Gibson S, Gilchrist JM, Goldstein JM, Gooch CL, Goodman BP, Gorelov D, Gospe SM, Goyal NA, Guidon AC, Guptill JT, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Gwathmey K, Harati Y, Harper CM, Hehir MK, Hobson-Webb L, Howard JF, Jackson CE, Johnson N, Jones SM, Juel VC, Kaminski HJ, Karam C, Kennelly KD, Khella S, Khoury J, Kincaid JC, Kissel JT, Kolb N, Lacomis D, Ladha S, Larriviere D, Lewis RA, Li Y, Litchy WJ, Logigian E, Lou J, MacGowen DJ, Maselli R, Massey JM, Mauermann ML, Mathews KD, Meriggioli MN, Miller RG, Moon J, Mozaffar T, Nations SP, Nowak RJ, Ostrow LW, Pascuzzi RM, Peltier A, Ruzhansky K, Richman DP, Ross MA, Rubin DI, Russell JA, Sachs GM, Salajegheh MK, Saperstein DS, Scelsa S, Selcen D, Shaibani A, Shieh PB, Silvestri NJ, Singleton JR, Smith BE, So YT, Solorzano G, Sorenson EJ, Srinivasen J, Tavee J, Tawil R, Thaisetthawatkul P, Thornton C, Trivedi J, Vernino S, Wang AK, Webb TA, Weiss MD, Windebank AJ, Wolfe GI. Editorial by concerned physicians: Unintended effect of the orphan drug act on the potential cost of 3,4‐diaminopyridine. Muscle & Nerve 2015, 53: 165-168. PMID: 26662952, DOI: 10.1002/mus.25009.
- Nowak R, Keung B, Robeson K, DiCapua D, Goldstein J. Long Term Efficacy of Rituximab in Patients with MuSK Auto-Antibody Myasthenia Gravis (PD6.007). Neurology 2012, 78: pd6.007-pd6.007. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd6.007.
- Nowak RJ, DiCapua DB, Zebardast N, Goldstein JM. Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study. Therapeutic Advances In Neurological Disorders 2011, 4: 259-266. PMID: 22010039, PMCID: PMC3187675, DOI: 10.1177/1756285611411503.
- Nowak RJ, Cuny GD, Choi S, Lansbury PT, Ray SS. Improving binding specificity of pharmacological chaperones that target mutant superoxide dismutase-1 linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using computational methods. Journal Of Medicinal Chemistry 2010, 53: 2709-18. PMID: 20232802, PMCID: PMC2881568, DOI: 10.1021/jm901062p.
- Ray SS, Nowak RJ, Brown RH, Lansbury PT. Small-molecule-mediated stabilization of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked superoxide dismutase mutants against unfolding and aggregation. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2005, 102: 3639-44. PMID: 15738401, PMCID: PMC553303, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0408277102.
- Ray SS, Nowak RJ, Strokovich K, Brown RH, Walz T, Lansbury PT. An Intersubunit Disulfide Bond Prevents in Vitro Aggregation of a Superoxide Dismutase-1 Mutant Linked to Familial Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis †. Biochemistry 2004, 43: 4899-4905. PMID: 15109247, DOI: 10.1021/bi030246r.
- Chromy BA, Nowak RJ, Lambert MP, Viola KL, Chang L, Velasco PT, Jones BW, Fernandez SJ, Lacor PN, Horowitz P, Finch CE, Krafft GA, Klein WL. Self-assembly of Abeta(1-42) into globular neurotoxins. Biochemistry 2003, 42: 12749-60. PMID: 14596589, DOI: 10.1021/bi030029q.
- Lashuel HA, Petre BM, Wall J, Simon M, Nowak RJ, Walz T, Lansbury PT. α-Synuclein, Especially the Parkinson's Disease-associated Mutants, Forms Pore-like Annular and Tubular Protofibrils. Journal Of Molecular Biology 2002, 322: 1089-1102. PMID: 12367530, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00735-0.
- Anguiano M, Nowak RJ, Lansbury PT. Protofibrillar islet amyloid polypeptide permeabilizes synthetic vesicles by a pore-like mechanism that may be relevant to type II diabetes. Biochemistry 2002, 41: 11338-43. PMID: 12234175, DOI: 10.1021/bi020314u.
- Yale New Haven Hospital20 York StreetNew Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Neurosciences InstituteYale Physicians Building800 Howard Avenue, Ste Lower LevelNew Haven, CT 06519
- Yale New Haven Hospital Saint Raphael Campus1450 Chapel StreetNew Haven, CT 06511
Biography
Richard Nowak, MD, MS, is the director of the Yale Myasthenia Gravis Clinic, where he treats patients with the chronic, autoimmune condition that causes muscles to tire and weaken easily. He provides personalized treatment strategies for patients suffering from myasthenia gravis and other autoimmune neuromuscular conditions.
In addition, Dr. Nowak works with the Yale Medicine Neuromuscular Medicine Program, which is supported by the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA), and is a designated MDA-ALS clinic. The program provides comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, consultation and management for a range of neuromuscular disorders.
An associate professor of neurology at Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Nowak is also a busy researcher who directs the Program in Clinical and Translational Neuromuscular Research at Yale, where his goal is to improve the understanding of autoimmune neuromuscular disorders, identify new drug targets and explore new therapies. In 2013, he was awarded a $4.8 million grant to conduct the first clinical trial for myasthenia gravis sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.
Titles
- Associate Professor of Neurology
- Director, Program in Clinical & Translational Neuromuscular Research
- Director, Yale Myasthenia Gravis Clinic
Education & Training
- FellowshipYale-New Haven Hospital (2012)
- ResidencyYale-New Haven Hospital (2011)
- ResidentYale-New Haven Hospital (2008)
- MDDrexel University College of Medicine (2007)
- MSNorthwestern University (1999)
- BSLoyola University of Chicago (1997)
Additional Information
- Nowak R, Benatar M, Ciafaloni E, Howard J, Leite M, Utsugisawa K, Vissing J, Rojavin M, Li Q, Tang F, Wu Y, Rampal N, Cheng S. A Phase 3 Trial of Inebilizumab in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2025, 392: 2309-2320. PMID: 40202593, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2501561.
- Roy B, Obaid A, Wang Z, Kovacs K, Ohashi S, Kalayci F, Joo D, Masi G, Coppola C, Das S, Hernandez A, Martin-Aguilar L, Lleixà C, Nowak R, Querol L, O'Connor K. Failure of early B cell tolerance and possible BCR signaling dysregulation underlie NF155-mediated autoimmune nodopathies. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2026, 123: e2525717123. PMID: 42008666, PMCID: PMC13123804, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2525717123.
- McLaren N, Gutierrez A, Joo D, Roy B, Park M, Nowak R. Variations in clinical features and disease burden of myasthenia gravis between racial and ethnic groups: A retrospective cohort study of two national databases. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2026, 481: 125740. PMID: 41500177, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2026.125740.
- Masi G, Chen K, Bayer A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Pham M, Wallace A, Falso S, Evoli A, Iorio R, Hoehn K, Iwasaki A, Nowak R, O'Connor K. IgA autoantibodies demonstrate a novel mechanism of MuSK myasthenia gravis pathology. Brain 2025, awaf410. PMID: 41147199, PMCID: PMC13005154, DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaf410.
- Bayer A, Sanmarco L, Pellerin A, Masi G, Plasencia A, Anderson J, Nowak R, Damato V, Massacesi L, Pham M, Khani-Habibabadi F, Vital H, Higginson-Scott N, Otipoby K, Xing Y, Mascanfroni I, O’Connor K. Therapeutic IgG- and IgM-specific proteases disarm the acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies that drive myasthenia gravis pathology. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2025, 122: e2505984122. PMID: 41118207, PMCID: PMC12582293, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2505984122.
- Roy B, Chen J, Khani‐Habibabadi F, McLaren N, Soliven B, Juel V, O’Connor K, Nowak R, Kusner L, Kaminski H. A Distinct Immunological Signature in Late‐Onset Myasthenia Gravis: Insights from an Exploratory Proteomics Study. Annals Of Neurology 2025, 99: 198-210. PMID: 40913424, DOI: 10.1002/ana.78017.
- Khani-Habibabadi F, Roy B, Pham M, Obaid A, Filipek B, Nowak R, O'Connor K. AChR Autoantibody Pathogenic Properties Are Heterogeneously Distributed and Undergo Temporal Changes Among Patients With Myasthenia Gravis. Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2025, 12: e200436. PMID: 40680247, PMCID: PMC12275905, DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200436.
- McLaren N, Roy B, Nowak R. Understanding Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Myasthenia Gravis Outcomes. Neurology Clinical Practice 2025, 15: e200503. PMID: 40584640, PMCID: PMC12204767, DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200503.
- Bayer A, Nowak R, O'Connor K. Contribution of cellular immune dysregulation to myasthenia gravis pathology. International Review Of Neurobiology 2025, 182: 43-66. PMID: 40675740, DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.035.
- Ting A, Park M, Sangha O, Kumar M, Ricci J, Lee E, Nowak R. Risk of Exacerbation and Level of Healthcare Resource Utilization in Myasthenia Gravis Assessed by Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living Score. Neurology And Therapy 2025, 14: 575-591. PMID: 39961947, PMCID: PMC11906949, DOI: 10.1007/s40120-025-00711-3.
- Antozzi C, Vu T, Ramchandren S, Nowak R, Farmakidis C, Bril V, De Bleecker J, Yang H, Minks E, Park J, Grudniak M, Smilowski M, Sevilla T, Hoffmann S, Sivakumar K, Suzuki Y, Youssef E, Sanga P, Karcher K, Zhu Y, Sheehan J, Sun H, Group T. Safety and efficacy of nipocalimab in adults with generalised myasthenia gravis (Vivacity-MG3): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Lancet Neurology 2025, 24: 105-116. PMID: 39862879, DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00498-8.
- Miller-Wilson L, Arackal J, Edwards Y, Schwinn J, Rockstein K, Venker B, Nowak R. Epidemiology and patient characteristics of the US myasthenia gravis population: real-world evidence from a large insurance claims database. BMJ Neurology Open 2025, 7: e001076. PMID: 40556711, PMCID: PMC12186037, DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2025-001076.
- Brew S, Frey M, McCarthy D, Elhofy A, Nowak R. Antigen-specific immune therapy (CNP-106) for treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis: rationale and design of first-in-human randomised controlled trial. BMJ Neurology Open 2024, 6: e000836. PMID: 39720510, PMCID: PMC11667273, DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2024-000836.
- Garbey M, Lesport Q, Girma H, Öztosun G, Abu-Rub M, Guidon A, Juel V, Nowak R, Soliven B, Aban I, Kaminski H. Application of digital tools and artificial intelligence in the Myasthenia Gravis Core Examination. Frontiers In Neurology 2024, 15: 1474884. PMID: 39697445, PMCID: PMC11652356, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1474884.
- Nowak R, Habib A, Klink A, Muppidi S, Parthan A, Sader S, Balanean A, Gajra A, Howard J. US Clinical Practice Experience with Eculizumab in Myasthenia Gravis: Acute Clinical Events and Healthcare Resource Utilization. Drugs - Real World Outcomes 2024, 11: 593-601. PMID: 39470958, PMCID: PMC11589080, DOI: 10.1007/s40801-024-00457-8.
- Baxter L, Hopkins S, O'Connor K, Pham M, Nowak R, Monson N, Blackburn K, Hibbs R, Vernino S, Noviello C. Fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography specifically detects autoantibodies targeting the ganglionic acetylcholine receptor in patients with autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy. Journal Of Neuroimmunology 2024, 396: 578454. PMID: 39277987, PMCID: PMC12219111, DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578454.
- Habib A, Klink A, Muppidi S, Parthan A, Sader S, Balanean A, Gajra A, Nowak R, Howard J. United States clinical practice experience with eculizumab in myasthenia gravis: symptoms, function, and immunosuppressant therapy use. Journal Of Neurology 2024, 271: 6114-6126. PMID: 39052039, PMCID: PMC11377470, DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12569-w.
- Bodansky A, Yu D, Rallistan A, Kalaycioglu M, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Green D, Gauthier J, Turtle C, Zorn K, O'Donovan B, Mandel-Brehm C, Asaki J, Kortbawi H, Kung A, Rackaityte E, Wang C, Saxena A, de Dios K, Masi G, Nowak R, O'Connor K, Li H, Diaz V, Saloner R, Casaletto K, Gontrum E, Chan B, Kramer J, Wilson M, Utz P, Hill J, Jackson S, Anderson M, DeRisi J. Unveiling the proteome-wide autoreactome enables enhanced evaluation of emerging CAR-T therapies in autoimmunity. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2024, 134: e180012. PMID: 38753445, PMCID: PMC11213466, DOI: 10.1172/jci180012.
- Yandamuri S, Filipek B, Lele N, Cohen I, Bennett J, Nowak R, Sotirchos E, Longbrake E, Mace E, O'Connor K. A non-canonical CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cell subset indicative of prior cytotoxic activity is elevated in patients with autoantibody-mediated neurologic diseases. The Journal Of Immunology 2024, 212: 785-800. PMID: 38251887, PMCID: PMC10932911, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300015.
- Benatar M, Wiendl H, Nowak R, Zheng Y, Macias W. Batoclimab as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis: rationale and study design of a phase 3 clinical trial. BMJ Neurology Open 2024, 6: e000536. PMID: 38268752, PMCID: PMC10806862, DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2023-000536.
- Howard J, Bresch S, Farmakidis C, Freimer M, Genge A, Hewamadduma C, Hinton J, Hussain Y, Juntas-Morales R, Kaminski H, Maniaol A, Mantegazza R, Masuda M, Nowak R, Sivakumar K, Śmiłowski M, Utsugisawa K, Vu T, Weiss M, Zajda M, Bloemers J, Boroojerdi B, Brock M, de la Borderie G, Duda P, Vanderkelen M, Leite M. Long-term safety and efficacy of zilucoplan in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: interim analysis of the RAISE-XT open-label extension study. Therapeutic Advances In Neurological Disorders 2024, 17: 17562864241243186. PMID: 38638673, PMCID: PMC11025429, DOI: 10.1177/17562864241243186.
- Antozzi C, Guptill J, Bril V, Gamez J, Meuth S, Nowak R, Quan D, Sevilla T, Jouvin M, Jin J, Karcher K, Ramchandren S, Sun H, Ling L, Zhu Y, Arroyo S, Group F. Safety and Efficacy of Nipocalimab in Patients With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. Neurology 2023, 102: e207937. PMID: 38165333, PMCID: PMC10962909, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207937.
- Nowak R, Breiner A, Bril V, Allen J, Khan S, Levine T, Jacobs D, Sahagian G, Siddiqi Z, Xu J, Macias W, Benatar M, Adams L, Genge A, Habib A, Hinton J, Holmlund T, Jacobs D, Lange D, Nicolle M, Phan H, Silvestri N, Small G, Yegiaian S. Subcutaneous batoclimab in generalized myasthenia gravis: Results from a Phase 2a trial with an open‐label extension. Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2023, 11: 194-206. PMID: 38062618, PMCID: PMC10791011, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51946.
- Schlatter M, Yandamuri S, O'Connor K, Nowak R, Pham M, Obaid A, Redman C, Provost M, McSweeney P, Pearlman M, Tees M, Bowen J, Nash R, Georges G. Remission of severe myasthenia gravis after autologous stem cell transplantation. Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2023, 10: 2105-2113. PMID: 37726935, PMCID: PMC10646993, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51898.
- Torabi T, Zubair A, Nowak R, Tseng B, Haims A, Roy B. Leg MRI as a Complementary Diagnostic Tool in the Assessment of Foot Drop. Journal Of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease 2023, 25: 57-58. PMID: 37611274, DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000433.
- Zubair A, Rethana M, Ma A, McAlpine L, Abulaban A, Munro B, Patwa H, Nowak R, Roy B. Plasmapheresis Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Patients With Autoimmune Neuromuscular and Neuro-immunological Conditions. Journal Of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease 2023, 25: 11-17. PMID: 37611265, DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000439.
- Pham M, Masi G, Patzina R, Obaid A, Oxendine S, Oh S, Payne A, Nowak R, O’Connor K. Individual myasthenia gravis autoantibody clones can efficiently mediate multiple mechanisms of pathology. Acta Neuropathologica 2023, 146: 319-336. PMID: 37344701, PMCID: PMC11380498, DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02603-y.
- Yandamuri S, Filipek B, Obaid A, Lele N, Thurman J, Makhani N, Nowak R, Guo Y, Lucchinetti C, Flanagan E, Longbrake E, O’Connor K. MOGAD patient autoantibodies induce complement, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity. JCI Insight 2023, 8: e165373. PMID: 37097758, PMCID: PMC10393237, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165373.
- Jiang R, Roy B, Wu Q, Mohanty S, Nowak R, Shaw A, Kleinstein S, O’Connor K. The Plasma Cell Infiltrate Populating the Muscle Tissue of Patients with Inclusion Body Myositis Features Distinct B Cell Receptor Repertoire Properties. ImmunoHorizons 2023, 7: 310-322. PMID: 37171806, PMCID: PMC10579972, DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200078.
- Guptill J, Benatar M, Granit V, Habib A, Howard J, Barnett-Tapia C, Nowak R, Lee I, Ruzhansky K, Dimachkie M, Cutter G, Kaminski H, Group F. Addressing Outcome Measure Variability in Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Trials. Neurology 2023, 101: 442-451. PMID: 37076302, PMCID: PMC10491448, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207278.
- Clinicoserological insights into patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced myasthenia gravisMasi G, Pham M, Karatz T, Oh S, Payne A, Nowak R, Howard J, Guptill J, Juel V, O'Connor K. Clinicoserological insights into patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced myasthenia gravis. Annals Of Clinical And Translational Neurology 2023, 10: 825-831. PMID: 36924454, PMCID: PMC10187728, DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51761.
- Fichtner ML, Hoehn KB, Ford EE, Mane-Damas M, Oh S, Waters P, Payne AS, Smith ML, Watson CT, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P, Nowak RJ, Kleinstein SH, O’Connor K. Reemergence of pathogenic, autoantibody-producing B cell clones in myasthenia gravis following B cell depletion therapy. Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2022, 10: 154. PMID: 36307868, PMCID: PMC9617453, DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01454-0.
- Zubair A, Roy B, Baehring J, Nowak R. Myasthenia Gravis in the Setting of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Practical Considerations and Opinion-Based Approach to Acute Management. Cureus 2022, 14: e30638. PMID: 36439604, PMCID: PMC9683636, DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30638.
- Roy B, Kovvuru S, Castillo Y, Huttner A, Nowak R. Reply to: What is the pattern of the neuropathy associated with anti‐FGFR3 antibodies? European Journal Of Neurology 2020, 27: e59-e59. PMID: 32503081, DOI: 10.1111/ene.14381.
- Howard JF, Nowak RJ, Wolfe GI, Freimer ML, Vu TH, Hinton JL, Benatar M, Duda PW, MacDougall JE, Farzaneh-Far R, Kaminski HJ, Barohn R, Dimachkie M, Pasnoor M, Farmakidis C, Liu T, Colgan S, Benatar M, Bertorini T, Pillai R, Henegar R, Bromberg M, Gibson S, Janecki T, Freimer M, Elsheikh B, Matisak P, Genge A, Guidon A, David W, Habib A, Mathew V, Mozaffar T, Hinton J, Hewitt W, Barnett D, Sullivan P, Ho D, Howard J, Traub R, Chopra M, Kaminski H, Aly R, Bayat E, Abu-Rub M, Khan S, Lange D, Holzberg S, Khatri B, Lindman E, Olapo T, Sershon L, Lisak R, Bernitsas E, Jia K, Malik R, Lewis-Collins T, Nicolle M, Nowak R, Sharma A, Roy B, Nye J, Pulley M, Berger A, Shabbir Y, Sachdev A, Patterson K, Siddiqi Z, Sivak M, Bratton J, Small G, Kohli A, Fetter M, Vu T, Lam L, Harvey B, Wolfe G, Silvestri N, Patrick K, Zakalik K, Duda P, MacDougall J, Farzaneh-Far R, Pontius A, Hoarty M. Clinical Effects of the Self-administered Subcutaneous Complement Inhibitor Zilucoplan in Patients With Moderate to Severe Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. JAMA Neurology 2020, 77: 582-592. PMID: 32065623, PMCID: PMC7042797, DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.5125.
- Group I, Jacob S, Muppidi S, Guidon A, Guptill J, Hehir M, Howard J, Illa I, Mantegazza R, Murai H, Utsugisawa K, Vissing J, Wiendl H, Nowak R. Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 2020, 412: 116803. PMID: 32247193, PMCID: PMC7105910, DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116803.
- Kovvuru S, Cardenas Y, Huttner A, Nowak R, Roy B. Clinical characteristics of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 antibody‐related polyneuropathy: a retrospective study. European Journal Of Neurology 2020, 27: 1310-1318. PMID: 32068339, DOI: 10.1111/ene.14180.
- Allen J, Gelinas D, Lewis R, Nowak R, Wolfe G. Optimizing the Use of Outcome Measures in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. TouchREVIEWS In Neurology 2017, 13: 26. DOI: 10.17925/usn.2017.13.01.26.
- Burns TM, Smith GA, Allen JA, Amato AA, Arnold WD, Barohn R, Benatar M, Bird SJ, Bromberg M, Chahin N, Ciafaloni E, Cohen JA, Corse A, Crum BA, David WS, Dimberg E, Sousa E, Donofrio PD, Dyck PJ, Engel AG, Ensrud ER, Ferrante M, Freimer M, Gable KL, Gibson S, Gilchrist JM, Goldstein JM, Gooch CL, Goodman BP, Gorelov D, Gospe SM, Goyal NA, Guidon AC, Guptill JT, Gutmann L, Gutmann L, Gwathmey K, Harati Y, Harper CM, Hehir MK, Hobson-Webb L, Howard JF, Jackson CE, Johnson N, Jones SM, Juel VC, Kaminski HJ, Karam C, Kennelly KD, Khella S, Khoury J, Kincaid JC, Kissel JT, Kolb N, Lacomis D, Ladha S, Larriviere D, Lewis RA, Li Y, Litchy WJ, Logigian E, Lou J, MacGowen DJ, Maselli R, Massey JM, Mauermann ML, Mathews KD, Meriggioli MN, Miller RG, Moon J, Mozaffar T, Nations SP, Nowak RJ, Ostrow LW, Pascuzzi RM, Peltier A, Ruzhansky K, Richman DP, Ross MA, Rubin DI, Russell JA, Sachs GM, Salajegheh MK, Saperstein DS, Scelsa S, Selcen D, Shaibani A, Shieh PB, Silvestri NJ, Singleton JR, Smith BE, So YT, Solorzano G, Sorenson EJ, Srinivasen J, Tavee J, Tawil R, Thaisetthawatkul P, Thornton C, Trivedi J, Vernino S, Wang AK, Webb TA, Weiss MD, Windebank AJ, Wolfe GI. Editorial by concerned physicians: Unintended effect of the orphan drug act on the potential cost of 3,4‐diaminopyridine. Muscle & Nerve 2015, 53: 165-168. PMID: 26662952, DOI: 10.1002/mus.25009.
- Nowak R, Keung B, Robeson K, DiCapua D, Goldstein J. Long Term Efficacy of Rituximab in Patients with MuSK Auto-Antibody Myasthenia Gravis (PD6.007). Neurology 2012, 78: pd6.007-pd6.007. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.pd6.007.
- Nowak RJ, DiCapua DB, Zebardast N, Goldstein JM. Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study. Therapeutic Advances In Neurological Disorders 2011, 4: 259-266. PMID: 22010039, PMCID: PMC3187675, DOI: 10.1177/1756285611411503.
- Nowak RJ, Cuny GD, Choi S, Lansbury PT, Ray SS. Improving binding specificity of pharmacological chaperones that target mutant superoxide dismutase-1 linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using computational methods. Journal Of Medicinal Chemistry 2010, 53: 2709-18. PMID: 20232802, PMCID: PMC2881568, DOI: 10.1021/jm901062p.
- Ray SS, Nowak RJ, Brown RH, Lansbury PT. Small-molecule-mediated stabilization of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked superoxide dismutase mutants against unfolding and aggregation. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2005, 102: 3639-44. PMID: 15738401, PMCID: PMC553303, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0408277102.
- Ray SS, Nowak RJ, Strokovich K, Brown RH, Walz T, Lansbury PT. An Intersubunit Disulfide Bond Prevents in Vitro Aggregation of a Superoxide Dismutase-1 Mutant Linked to Familial Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis †. Biochemistry 2004, 43: 4899-4905. PMID: 15109247, DOI: 10.1021/bi030246r.
- Chromy BA, Nowak RJ, Lambert MP, Viola KL, Chang L, Velasco PT, Jones BW, Fernandez SJ, Lacor PN, Horowitz P, Finch CE, Krafft GA, Klein WL. Self-assembly of Abeta(1-42) into globular neurotoxins. Biochemistry 2003, 42: 12749-60. PMID: 14596589, DOI: 10.1021/bi030029q.
- Lashuel HA, Petre BM, Wall J, Simon M, Nowak RJ, Walz T, Lansbury PT. α-Synuclein, Especially the Parkinson's Disease-associated Mutants, Forms Pore-like Annular and Tubular Protofibrils. Journal Of Molecular Biology 2002, 322: 1089-1102. PMID: 12367530, DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00735-0.
- Anguiano M, Nowak RJ, Lansbury PT. Protofibrillar islet amyloid polypeptide permeabilizes synthetic vesicles by a pore-like mechanism that may be relevant to type II diabetes. Biochemistry 2002, 41: 11338-43. PMID: 12234175, DOI: 10.1021/bi020314u.
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