- Yale UrologyVA Connecticut Healthcare950 Campbell AvenueWest Haven, CT 06516
- Yale UrologyYale Physicians Building800 Howard Avenue, Ste 3rd FloorNew Haven, CT 06519
- McGivney Advanced Surgery Center659 George StreetNew Haven, CT 06511
- Yale New Haven Hospital20 York StreetNew Haven, CT 06510
Preston C. Sprenkle, MD
Biography
Preston C. Sprenkle, MD, specializes in the treatment of urologic cancers, including prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer and sarcoma—a rare kind of cancer that grows in cells that connect or support other parts of the body, like bone or muscle.
Dr. Sprenkle has dedicated his career to using the latest imaging technologies to improve diagnosis. He was one of the first physicians nationwide to implement the use of the Artemis Device. This machine, introduced in 2009, allows a surgeon to use 3D ultrasound technology and merge it with even more precise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to accurately identify cancerous tumors.
“Skilled and experienced radiologists are rare for this relatively new technique,” Dr. Sprenkle explains. “At Yale, we are fortunate to have some of the world leaders in prostate MRI.”
Dr. Sprenkle is also a pioneer in “focal therapy,” which allows a surgeon to treat tiny prostate lesions, rather than the whole organ. This avoids many of the side effects—such as erectile dysfunction and incontinence—that may follow the removal of the whole prostate.
“Exciting technological advances are revolutionizing urology. Prostate cancer is very common and current treatments can majorly impact a man's sexual and urinary function,” Dr. Sprenkle says. “Developing ways to minimize the impact of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment on a man's health and quality of life is tremendously rewarding.”
Dr. Sprenkle believes in working with patients to come up with individualized treatment plans. “I want my patients to feel that I hear their concerns and treat them like a person. I am pleased at the end of a long consultation when they feel like they understand their disease and their options.”
Titles
- Associate Professor of Urology
- Director, Urology Research Fellowship, Urology
- Co-Chair, Cancer Liaison Committee, Oncology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System
- Division Chief, Division of Urology at VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Urology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System
- Chair, Robotic Surgery Advisory Board, National Surgery Office
- Chair, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN Prostate Cancer Early Detection Guidelines Committee
Education & Training
- Non Degree ProgramYale School of Management, Emerging Leaders Program (2018)
- FellowshipMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (2011)
- ResidencyNew York Presbyterian Hospital (2009)
- InternshipNew York Presbyterian Hospital (2005)
- MDColumbia University (2004)
- BAStanford University, Human Biology (1998)
Languages Spoken
- English
- Español (Spanish)
Additional Information
- 2nd prize, Poster Competition: FOCAL+ CME (2025)
- 2021 Thesis Reviewer, PA Master Thesis Committee, Yale School of Medicine: (2021)
- Mentor Appreciation Award: Interprofessional Longitudinal Clinical Experience (2017), (2018), (2019), (2020)
- Best Poster Podium Presentation: Young Urologic Oncologist dinner, Society Of Urologic Oncology Annual Meeting (2009)
- Finalist - NY section AUA Valentine Essay Contest: NY Academy of Medicine (2009)
- Finalist - NY section AUA Valentine Essay Contest: NY Academy of Medicine (2007)
- First Prize - NY section AUA Valentine Essay Contest: NY Academy of Medicine (2006)
- Arnold P. Gold Humanism in Medicine Honors Society: (2004)
- Alpha Omega Alpha Medical School Honors Society: (2004)
- Outstanding Member of Stanford Community: Stanford University (1998)
- NCCN Early Detection of Prostate Cancer Guidelines (2025 - Present): Chair
- Connecticut Urological Society (2025 - Present): Committee Member
- Wren Laboratories (2025 - Present): Board Member
- Insight Medbotics (2025 - Present): Board Member
- Angiodynamics Inc (2025 - Present): Scientific Advisor
- ADMETECH Global Summit (2024): Prostate cancer detection and Screening Section Moderator
- National Surgery Office (2024 - 2027): Chair
- Johnson & Johnson (2024 - Present): Advisor
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee (2024 - Present): Member
- Yale Urology Bulldog Debate CME Event - Oncology Section (2023): Designed oncology curriculum for CME Event and recruited participating lecturers/debaters.
- Ajjawi I, Kim I, Smani S, Palencia P, Diaz G, Lee W, Kim I, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Machine learning approaches to optimize the integration of sociodemographic factors for predicting cancer-specific survival among patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Current Urology 2026 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000335.
- Ajjawi I, Sprenkle P, Renzulli J, Leapman M. Re-evaluating the Role of Locoregional Therapy in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence and Evolving Clinical Approaches. Urologic Clinics Of North America 2026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2026.02.002.
- Smani S, Sohoni N, Miszczyk M, Fazekas T, Rajwa P, Grimshaw A, Sundaresan V, Lokeshwar S, Weinreb J, Sprenkle P, Cooperberg M, Seibert T, Shariat S, Catalona W, Leapman M. Association between baseline prostate MRI PI-RADS classification and risk of Gleason upgrade during active surveillance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal Of Urology 2026, 44: 169. PMID: 41691567, DOI: 10.1007/s00345-026-06278-4.
- Leapman M, Long J, Westvold S, Rabil M, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Spilberg G, Saperstein L, Fallah J, Suzman D, Lerro C, Xu J, Rivera D, Kluetz P, Karnes R, Dinan M, Mitchell A, Kunst N, Wang S, Ma X, Gross C. Adoption and Regional Variation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in the United States. JCO Oncology Practice 2026, op2500617. PMID: 41632928, DOI: 10.1200/op-25-00617.
- Zhang H, Elsaid N, Nixon T, Dewdney A, Peters D, Weinreb J, Sprenkle P, Constable R, Galiana G. Strong‐Gradient Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using an Inside‐Out Nonlinear Gradient Coil. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 2026, 95: 2671-2688. PMID: 41505274, PMCID: PMC12962214, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.70252.
- Diaz G, Sivanesan N, Strachan S, Sohoni N, DuBois J, Zhao X, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Tissue-Based Genomic Testing for Prostate Cancer. Urology 2025 PMID: 41412501, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.12.004.
- Diaz G, Webb L, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. Initial pain score during viscous lidocaine instillation and clinical characteristics as predictors of overall pain in fusion prostate biopsy. Journal Of Biological Methods 2025, 12: e99010077. PMID: 41415884, PMCID: PMC12709519, DOI: 10.14440/jbm.0230.
- Zhang A, Sivanesan N, Sprenkle P. Pretreatment Predictors of Pathologic Failure at 1 year After Focal Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. European Urology Oncology 2025, 8: 1710-1711. PMID: 41136310, DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2025.10.004.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Tan W, Arora S, Sprenkle P. Comparative Analysis of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System and Prostate Imaging After Focal Ablation Scoring Systems in the Postfocal Therapy Assessment of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer. Urology Practice 2025, 13: 11-12. PMID: 40986434, DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000899.
- Kunst N, Long J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Saperstein L, Rabil M, Ghaffar U, Karnes R, Ma X, Gross C, Wang S, Leapman M. Cost-Effectiveness and Evidence Gaps Surrounding PSMA-PET for Recurrent Prostate Cancer Evaluation. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2539250. PMID: 41134573, PMCID: PMC12552925, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.39250.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Strachan S, Kandala K, Zhao X, Tan W, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. MRI-fusion biopsy era: the role of perineural invasion in low-risk prostate cancer. Current Problems In Cancer 2025, 59: 101251. PMID: 40946534, DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101251.
- Smani S, Wang R, Zhou X, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Dinan M, Gross C, Ma X, Leapman M. Area-Level Social Deprivation and Use of Prostate MRI Before Prostate Biopsy Among Commercial Insurance Beneficiaries. Urology 2025, 205: 145-151. PMID: 40759400, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.07.070.
- Smani S, Khan A, Choksi A, Press B, Rahman S, Hayden C, Gardezi M, Jalfon M, Lee J, Sprenkle P, Kellner D. Can Anatomical Measurements on Preoperative Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Postoperative Urinary Incontinence after Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate? Journal Of Endourology 2025, 39: 731-737. PMID: 40470526, DOI: 10.1089/end.2025.0006.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Sprenkle P. Tissue-based gene expression testing in localized prostate cancer. Current Opinion In Urology 2025, 35: 432-438. PMID: 40314067, DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001289.
- Rabil M, Ghaffar U, Long J, Westvold S, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Saperstein L, Kunst N, Wang S, Ma X, Gross C, Leapman M, Karnes R. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Imaging Findings and Subsequent Clinical Management Among Patients With Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. JU Open Plus 2025, 3 DOI: 10.1097/ju9.0000000000000278.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Kandala K, Tan W, Sprenkle P. Why prompting matters: achieving clinically accurate and consistent responses with Chat GPT. BJU International 2025, 136: 221-224. PMID: 40223543, DOI: 10.1111/bju.16738.
- Khajir G, Webb L, Lokeshwar S, Diaz G, Anderson T, Choksi A, Zhao J, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Renzulli J. Diagnostic performance of high-resolution micro-ultrasound and conventional ultrasound in fusion biopsy for clinically significant prostate cancer detection. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2025, 43: 399.e1-399.e8. PMID: 40121104, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.03.006.
- Chen F, Esmaili R, Khajir G, Zeevi T, Gross M, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Justice A, Arora S, Weinreb J, Spektor M, Huber S, Humphrey P, Levi A, Staib L, Venkataraman R, Martin D, Onofrey J. Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Models in Reducing Unnecessary Targeted Prostate Biopsies. European Urology Oncology 2025, 9: 142-149. PMID: 39924390, PMCID: PMC12332026, DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2025.01.005.
- Kim I, Leapman M, Kim M, Rahman S, Sprenkle P, Renzulli J, Brito J, Hyams E, Kim J, Pareek G, Kim I. Radical prostatectomy is associated with favorable outcomes in patients over 80 years old. American Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Urology 2025, 13: 33-42. PMID: 40124572, PMCID: PMC11928824, DOI: 10.62347/nkgs2301.
- Rabil M, Webb L, Diaz G, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Sprenkle P. Discrepancies in volume: impact of Artemis segmented magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and ExactVu measurements on prostate specific antigen density and National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk stratification. Central European Journal Of Urology 2025, 78: 1-4. PMID: 40371423, PMCID: PMC12073516, DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2024.0249.
- Sundaresan V, Webb L, Rabil M, Golos A, Sutherland R, Bailey J, Rajwa P, Seibert T, Loeb S, Cooperberg M, Catalona W, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Risks of grade reclassification among patients with Gleason grade group 1 prostate cancer and PI-RADS 5 findings on prostate MRI. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 193.e19-193.e26. PMID: 39706698, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.11.007.
- Jalilianhasanpour R, Arora S, Mansoori B, Raman S, Greenwood B, Sprenkle P, Schade G, Camacho M, Hosseini N, Westphalen A. MRI after focal therapy for prostate cancer: what radiologists must know? Abdominal Radiology 2024, 50: 2201-2220. PMID: 39542951, DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04670-5.
- Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Smani S, Kong V, Sundaresan V, Sutherland R, Brito J, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Pathologic prostate cancer grade concordance among high-resolution micro-ultrasound, systematic transrectal ultrasound and MRI fusion biopsy. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 336.e13-336.e20. PMID: 39521675, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.10.018.
- Rahman S, Kim H, Webb L, Diaz G, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Brito J, Renzulli J, Martin T, Kenney P, Kim I. Management strategies for radio-recurrent prostate cancer: a comprehensive review. Translational Cancer Research 2024, 0: 0-0. PMID: 39697737, PMCID: PMC11651831, DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-245.
- Smani S, Jalfon M, Sundaresan V, Lokeshwar S, Nguyen J, Halstuch D, Khajir G, Cavallo J, Sprenkle P, Leapman M, Kim I. Inter-reader reliability and diagnostic accuracy of PI-RADS scoring between academic and community care networks: How wide is the gap? Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 396.e1-396.e7. PMID: 39438211, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.10.002.
- Kunst N, Long J, Westvold S, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Saperstein L, Rabil M, Ghaffar U, Karnes R, Ma X, Gross C, Wang S, Leapman M. Long-Term Outcomes of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–PET Imaging of Recurrent Prostate Cancer. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2440591. PMID: 39441595, PMCID: PMC11581571, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40591.
- Press B, Lokeshwar S, Webb L, Khajir G, Smani S, Olawoyin O, Gardezi M, Rahman S, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. Diagnostic utility of prostate health index density prior to MRI-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy. Exploration Of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 2024, 5: 1168-1176. PMID: 39465014, PMCID: PMC11502073, DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00269.
- Leapman M, Ho J, Liu Y, Filson C, Zhao X, Hakansson A, Proudfoot J, Davicioni E, Martin D, An Y, Seibert T, Lin D, Spratt D, Cooperberg M, Sprenkle P, Ross A. Association Between the Decipher Genomic Classifier and Prostate Cancer Outcome in the Real-world Setting. European Urology Oncology 2024, 8: 1101-1110. PMID: 39098389, DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.07.010.
- Smani S, Sundaresan V, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Carbonella J, Brito J, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Risk factors for Gleason score upgrade from prostate biopsy to radical prostatectomy. Exploration Of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 2024, 5: 981-996. PMID: 39280242, PMCID: PMC11390291, DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00259.
- Sundaresan V, Smani S, Rajwa P, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer: Diagnostic performance, clinical thresholds, and strategies for refinement. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 41-48. PMID: 39019723, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.06.003.
- Sundaresan V, Wang R, Long J, Sprenkle P, Seibert T, Loeb S, Cooperberg M, Catalona W, Ma X, Gross C, Leapman M. Associations Between Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Genomic Testing, and Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology Practice 2024, 11: 965-973. PMID: 39196719, PMCID: PMC12400587, DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000679.
- Rabil M, Jalfon M, Heckscher D, Song Z, Li F, Martin T, Sprenkle P, Hesse D, Kim I, Leapman M, Cavallo J. Association of Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Technical Skills and Outcomes of Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Urology 2024, 193: 87-94. PMID: 39019332, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.07.014.
- Diaz G, Webb L, Rabil M, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. Risk Factors and Contemporary Management Options for Pain and Discomfort Experienced During a Prostate Biopsy. Current Urology Reports 2024, 25: 243-252. PMID: 38896314, DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01220-w.
- Leapman M, Ho J, Liu Y, Filson C, Zhao X, Hakansson A, Proudfoot J, Davicioni E, Martin D, An Y, Seibert T, Lin D, Spratt D, Cooperberg M, Ross A, Sprenkle P. Development of a Longitudinal Prostate Cancer Transcriptomic and Clinical Data Linkage. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2417274. PMID: 38874922, PMCID: PMC11179136, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17274.
- Zeevi T, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Venkataraman R, Staib L, Onofrey J. Reliable Prostate Cancer Risk Mapping From MRI Using Targeted and Systematic Core Needle Biopsy Histopathology. IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering 2024, 71: 1084-1091. PMID: 37874731, PMCID: PMC10901528, DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3326799.
- Kim I, Wang A, Corpuz G, Sprenkle P, Leapman M, Brito J, Renzulli J, Kim I. Association between pelvic lymph node dissection and survival among patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Prostate International 2024, 12: 70-78. PMID: 39036758, PMCID: PMC11255894, DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2024.01.002.
- Smani S, Novosel M, Sutherland R, Jeong F, Jalfon M, Marks V, Rajwa P, Nolazco J, Washington S, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Association between sociodemographic factors and diagnosis of lethal prostate cancer in early life. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2023, 42: 28.e9-28.e20. PMID: 38161105, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.10.005.
- Khajir G, Sun T, Wang H, Sprenkle P, Adeniran A, Cai G, Levi A. Cytologic evaluation of upper urinary tract specimens: An institutional retrospective study using The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology second edition with histopathologic follow‐up. Cytopathology 2023, 35: 235-241. PMID: 37916579, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13328.
- Khajir G, Press B, Lokeshwar S, Ghabili K, Rahman S, Gardezi M, Washington S, Cooperberg M, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Prostate cancer risk stratification using magnetic resonance imaging–ultrasound fusion vs systematic prostate biopsy. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2023, 7: pkad099. PMID: 38085220, PMCID: PMC10733209, DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad099.
- Moses K, Sprenkle P, Bahler C, Box G, Carlsson S, Catalona W, Dahl D, Dall'Era M, Davis J, Drake B, Epstein J, Etzioni R, Farrington T, Garraway I, Jarrard D, Kauffman E, Kaye D, Kibel A, LaGrange C, Maroni P, Ponsky L, Reys B, Salami S, Sanchez A, Seibert T, Shaneyfelt T, Smaldone M, Sonn G, Tyson M, Vapiwala N, Wake R, Washington S, Yu A, Yuh B, Berardi R, Freedman-Cass D. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Prostate Cancer Early Detection, Version 1.2023. Journal Of The National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2023, 21: 236-246. PMID: 36898362, DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.0014.
- Paulson N, Zeevi T, Papademetris M, Leapman MS, Onofrey JA, Sprenkle PC, Humphrey PA, Staib LH, Levi AW. Prediction of Adverse Pathology at Radical Prostatectomy in Grade Group 2 and 3 Prostate Biopsies Using Machine Learning. JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics 2022, 6: e2200016. PMID: 36179281, DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00016.
- Fang AM, Shumaker LA, Martin KD, Jackson JC, Fan RE, Khajir G, Patel HD, Soodana‐Prakash N, Vourganti S, Filson CP, Sonn GA, Sprenkle PC, Gupta GN, Punnen S, Rais‐Bahrami S. Multi‐institutional analysis of clinical and imaging risk factors for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in men with PI‐RADS 3 lesions. Cancer 2022, 128: 3287-3296. PMID: 35819253, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34355.
- Lokeshwar SD, Nguyen J, Rahman SN, Khajir G, Ho R, Ghabili K, Leapman MS, Weinreb JC, Sprenkle PC. Clinical utility of MR/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy in patients with lower suspicion lesions on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2022, 40: 407.e21-407.e27. PMID: 35811206, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.06.005.
- Buck M, Ghiraldi E, Demkowicz P, Park H, An Y, Kann B, Yu J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Facility-Level Variation in Use of Locoregional Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urology Practice 2021, 9: 141-149. PMID: 37145694, DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000290.
- Syed J, Sprenkle P. Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate. 2020, 651-682. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47771-8_79.
- Syed J, Sprenkle P. Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate. 2019, 1-32. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20317-1_79-1.
- Nguyen K, Nawaf C, Levi A, Huber S, Lu A, Say R, Sprenkle P. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy-induced granulomatous prostatitis on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: a case report. Journal Of Clinical Urology 2016, 10: 280-282. DOI: 10.1177/2051415816651561.
- Ehrenberg H, Cornfeld D, Nawaf C, Sprenkle P, Duncan J. Decision forests for learning prostate cancer probability maps from multiparametric MRI. Proceedings Of SPIE--the International Society For Optical Engineering 2016, 9785: 97851j-97851j-14. DOI: 10.1117/12.2216904.
- Sprenkle P, Badalato G, Wosnitzer M, McKiernan J, Parravicini E, Bagiella E, Goluboff E, Benson M, Rutman M. Exploring medical student education initiatives: does the management of urologic conditions improve with a formal urology clinical clerkship? Journal Of Medicine And The Person 2011, 9: 116-122. DOI: 10.1007/s12682-011-0101-y.
- Pierorazio P, Lambert S, Matsukhani M, Sprenkle P, McCann T, Katz A, Olsson C, Benson M, McKiernan J. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is an independent predictor of outcome after radical prostatectomy. BJU International 2007, 0: 070907021207002-???. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07115.x.
- Sprenkle P, Lowe F. Benign prostate hyperplasia in the older male. Aging Health 2007, 3: 177-189. DOI: 10.2217/1745509x.3.2.177.
- Yale UrologyVA Connecticut Healthcare950 Campbell AvenueWest Haven, CT 06516
- Yale UrologyYale Physicians Building800 Howard Avenue, Ste 3rd FloorNew Haven, CT 06519
- McGivney Advanced Surgery Center659 George StreetNew Haven, CT 06511
- Yale New Haven Hospital20 York StreetNew Haven, CT 06510
Biography
Preston C. Sprenkle, MD, specializes in the treatment of urologic cancers, including prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer and sarcoma—a rare kind of cancer that grows in cells that connect or support other parts of the body, like bone or muscle.
Dr. Sprenkle has dedicated his career to using the latest imaging technologies to improve diagnosis. He was one of the first physicians nationwide to implement the use of the Artemis Device. This machine, introduced in 2009, allows a surgeon to use 3D ultrasound technology and merge it with even more precise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to accurately identify cancerous tumors.
“Skilled and experienced radiologists are rare for this relatively new technique,” Dr. Sprenkle explains. “At Yale, we are fortunate to have some of the world leaders in prostate MRI.”
Dr. Sprenkle is also a pioneer in “focal therapy,” which allows a surgeon to treat tiny prostate lesions, rather than the whole organ. This avoids many of the side effects—such as erectile dysfunction and incontinence—that may follow the removal of the whole prostate.
“Exciting technological advances are revolutionizing urology. Prostate cancer is very common and current treatments can majorly impact a man's sexual and urinary function,” Dr. Sprenkle says. “Developing ways to minimize the impact of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment on a man's health and quality of life is tremendously rewarding.”
Dr. Sprenkle believes in working with patients to come up with individualized treatment plans. “I want my patients to feel that I hear their concerns and treat them like a person. I am pleased at the end of a long consultation when they feel like they understand their disease and their options.”
Titles
- Associate Professor of Urology
- Director, Urology Research Fellowship, Urology
- Co-Chair, Cancer Liaison Committee, Oncology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System
- Division Chief, Division of Urology at VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Urology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System
- Chair, Robotic Surgery Advisory Board, National Surgery Office
- Chair, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN Prostate Cancer Early Detection Guidelines Committee
Education & Training
- Non Degree ProgramYale School of Management, Emerging Leaders Program (2018)
- FellowshipMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (2011)
- ResidencyNew York Presbyterian Hospital (2009)
- InternshipNew York Presbyterian Hospital (2005)
- MDColumbia University (2004)
- BAStanford University, Human Biology (1998)
Languages Spoken
- English
- Español (Spanish)
Additional Information
- 2nd prize, Poster Competition: FOCAL+ CME (2025)
- 2021 Thesis Reviewer, PA Master Thesis Committee, Yale School of Medicine: (2021)
- Mentor Appreciation Award: Interprofessional Longitudinal Clinical Experience (2017), (2018), (2019), (2020)
- Best Poster Podium Presentation: Young Urologic Oncologist dinner, Society Of Urologic Oncology Annual Meeting (2009)
- Finalist - NY section AUA Valentine Essay Contest: NY Academy of Medicine (2009)
- Finalist - NY section AUA Valentine Essay Contest: NY Academy of Medicine (2007)
- First Prize - NY section AUA Valentine Essay Contest: NY Academy of Medicine (2006)
- Arnold P. Gold Humanism in Medicine Honors Society: (2004)
- Alpha Omega Alpha Medical School Honors Society: (2004)
- Outstanding Member of Stanford Community: Stanford University (1998)
- NCCN Early Detection of Prostate Cancer Guidelines (2025 - Present): Chair
- Connecticut Urological Society (2025 - Present): Committee Member
- Wren Laboratories (2025 - Present): Board Member
- Insight Medbotics (2025 - Present): Board Member
- Angiodynamics Inc (2025 - Present): Scientific Advisor
- ADMETECH Global Summit (2024): Prostate cancer detection and Screening Section Moderator
- National Surgery Office (2024 - 2027): Chair
- Johnson & Johnson (2024 - Present): Advisor
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee (2024 - Present): Member
- Yale Urology Bulldog Debate CME Event - Oncology Section (2023): Designed oncology curriculum for CME Event and recruited participating lecturers/debaters.
- Ajjawi I, Kim I, Smani S, Palencia P, Diaz G, Lee W, Kim I, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Machine learning approaches to optimize the integration of sociodemographic factors for predicting cancer-specific survival among patients with high-risk prostate cancer. Current Urology 2026 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000335.
- Ajjawi I, Sprenkle P, Renzulli J, Leapman M. Re-evaluating the Role of Locoregional Therapy in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence and Evolving Clinical Approaches. Urologic Clinics Of North America 2026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2026.02.002.
- Smani S, Sohoni N, Miszczyk M, Fazekas T, Rajwa P, Grimshaw A, Sundaresan V, Lokeshwar S, Weinreb J, Sprenkle P, Cooperberg M, Seibert T, Shariat S, Catalona W, Leapman M. Association between baseline prostate MRI PI-RADS classification and risk of Gleason upgrade during active surveillance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal Of Urology 2026, 44: 169. PMID: 41691567, DOI: 10.1007/s00345-026-06278-4.
- Leapman M, Long J, Westvold S, Rabil M, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Spilberg G, Saperstein L, Fallah J, Suzman D, Lerro C, Xu J, Rivera D, Kluetz P, Karnes R, Dinan M, Mitchell A, Kunst N, Wang S, Ma X, Gross C. Adoption and Regional Variation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in the United States. JCO Oncology Practice 2026, op2500617. PMID: 41632928, DOI: 10.1200/op-25-00617.
- Zhang H, Elsaid N, Nixon T, Dewdney A, Peters D, Weinreb J, Sprenkle P, Constable R, Galiana G. Strong‐Gradient Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using an Inside‐Out Nonlinear Gradient Coil. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 2026, 95: 2671-2688. PMID: 41505274, PMCID: PMC12962214, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.70252.
- Diaz G, Sivanesan N, Strachan S, Sohoni N, DuBois J, Zhao X, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Tissue-Based Genomic Testing for Prostate Cancer. Urology 2025 PMID: 41412501, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.12.004.
- Diaz G, Webb L, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. Initial pain score during viscous lidocaine instillation and clinical characteristics as predictors of overall pain in fusion prostate biopsy. Journal Of Biological Methods 2025, 12: e99010077. PMID: 41415884, PMCID: PMC12709519, DOI: 10.14440/jbm.0230.
- Zhang A, Sivanesan N, Sprenkle P. Pretreatment Predictors of Pathologic Failure at 1 year After Focal Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. European Urology Oncology 2025, 8: 1710-1711. PMID: 41136310, DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2025.10.004.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Tan W, Arora S, Sprenkle P. Comparative Analysis of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System and Prostate Imaging After Focal Ablation Scoring Systems in the Postfocal Therapy Assessment of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer. Urology Practice 2025, 13: 11-12. PMID: 40986434, DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000899.
- Kunst N, Long J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Saperstein L, Rabil M, Ghaffar U, Karnes R, Ma X, Gross C, Wang S, Leapman M. Cost-Effectiveness and Evidence Gaps Surrounding PSMA-PET for Recurrent Prostate Cancer Evaluation. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2539250. PMID: 41134573, PMCID: PMC12552925, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.39250.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Strachan S, Kandala K, Zhao X, Tan W, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. MRI-fusion biopsy era: the role of perineural invasion in low-risk prostate cancer. Current Problems In Cancer 2025, 59: 101251. PMID: 40946534, DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101251.
- Smani S, Wang R, Zhou X, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Dinan M, Gross C, Ma X, Leapman M. Area-Level Social Deprivation and Use of Prostate MRI Before Prostate Biopsy Among Commercial Insurance Beneficiaries. Urology 2025, 205: 145-151. PMID: 40759400, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2025.07.070.
- Smani S, Khan A, Choksi A, Press B, Rahman S, Hayden C, Gardezi M, Jalfon M, Lee J, Sprenkle P, Kellner D. Can Anatomical Measurements on Preoperative Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Postoperative Urinary Incontinence after Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate? Journal Of Endourology 2025, 39: 731-737. PMID: 40470526, DOI: 10.1089/end.2025.0006.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Sprenkle P. Tissue-based gene expression testing in localized prostate cancer. Current Opinion In Urology 2025, 35: 432-438. PMID: 40314067, DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001289.
- Rabil M, Ghaffar U, Long J, Westvold S, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Saperstein L, Kunst N, Wang S, Ma X, Gross C, Leapman M, Karnes R. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Imaging Findings and Subsequent Clinical Management Among Patients With Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. JU Open Plus 2025, 3 DOI: 10.1097/ju9.0000000000000278.
- Sivanesan N, Diaz G, Kandala K, Tan W, Sprenkle P. Why prompting matters: achieving clinically accurate and consistent responses with Chat GPT. BJU International 2025, 136: 221-224. PMID: 40223543, DOI: 10.1111/bju.16738.
- Khajir G, Webb L, Lokeshwar S, Diaz G, Anderson T, Choksi A, Zhao J, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Renzulli J. Diagnostic performance of high-resolution micro-ultrasound and conventional ultrasound in fusion biopsy for clinically significant prostate cancer detection. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2025, 43: 399.e1-399.e8. PMID: 40121104, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2025.03.006.
- Chen F, Esmaili R, Khajir G, Zeevi T, Gross M, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Justice A, Arora S, Weinreb J, Spektor M, Huber S, Humphrey P, Levi A, Staib L, Venkataraman R, Martin D, Onofrey J. Comparative Performance of Machine Learning Models in Reducing Unnecessary Targeted Prostate Biopsies. European Urology Oncology 2025, 9: 142-149. PMID: 39924390, PMCID: PMC12332026, DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2025.01.005.
- Kim I, Leapman M, Kim M, Rahman S, Sprenkle P, Renzulli J, Brito J, Hyams E, Kim J, Pareek G, Kim I. Radical prostatectomy is associated with favorable outcomes in patients over 80 years old. American Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Urology 2025, 13: 33-42. PMID: 40124572, PMCID: PMC11928824, DOI: 10.62347/nkgs2301.
- Rabil M, Webb L, Diaz G, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Sprenkle P. Discrepancies in volume: impact of Artemis segmented magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and ExactVu measurements on prostate specific antigen density and National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk stratification. Central European Journal Of Urology 2025, 78: 1-4. PMID: 40371423, PMCID: PMC12073516, DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2024.0249.
- Sundaresan V, Webb L, Rabil M, Golos A, Sutherland R, Bailey J, Rajwa P, Seibert T, Loeb S, Cooperberg M, Catalona W, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Risks of grade reclassification among patients with Gleason grade group 1 prostate cancer and PI-RADS 5 findings on prostate MRI. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 193.e19-193.e26. PMID: 39706698, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.11.007.
- Jalilianhasanpour R, Arora S, Mansoori B, Raman S, Greenwood B, Sprenkle P, Schade G, Camacho M, Hosseini N, Westphalen A. MRI after focal therapy for prostate cancer: what radiologists must know? Abdominal Radiology 2024, 50: 2201-2220. PMID: 39542951, DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04670-5.
- Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Smani S, Kong V, Sundaresan V, Sutherland R, Brito J, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Pathologic prostate cancer grade concordance among high-resolution micro-ultrasound, systematic transrectal ultrasound and MRI fusion biopsy. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 336.e13-336.e20. PMID: 39521675, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.10.018.
- Rahman S, Kim H, Webb L, Diaz G, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Brito J, Renzulli J, Martin T, Kenney P, Kim I. Management strategies for radio-recurrent prostate cancer: a comprehensive review. Translational Cancer Research 2024, 0: 0-0. PMID: 39697737, PMCID: PMC11651831, DOI: 10.21037/tcr-24-245.
- Smani S, Jalfon M, Sundaresan V, Lokeshwar S, Nguyen J, Halstuch D, Khajir G, Cavallo J, Sprenkle P, Leapman M, Kim I. Inter-reader reliability and diagnostic accuracy of PI-RADS scoring between academic and community care networks: How wide is the gap? Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 396.e1-396.e7. PMID: 39438211, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.10.002.
- Kunst N, Long J, Westvold S, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Saperstein L, Rabil M, Ghaffar U, Karnes R, Ma X, Gross C, Wang S, Leapman M. Long-Term Outcomes of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–PET Imaging of Recurrent Prostate Cancer. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2440591. PMID: 39441595, PMCID: PMC11581571, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.40591.
- Press B, Lokeshwar S, Webb L, Khajir G, Smani S, Olawoyin O, Gardezi M, Rahman S, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. Diagnostic utility of prostate health index density prior to MRI-ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy. Exploration Of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 2024, 5: 1168-1176. PMID: 39465014, PMCID: PMC11502073, DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00269.
- Leapman M, Ho J, Liu Y, Filson C, Zhao X, Hakansson A, Proudfoot J, Davicioni E, Martin D, An Y, Seibert T, Lin D, Spratt D, Cooperberg M, Sprenkle P, Ross A. Association Between the Decipher Genomic Classifier and Prostate Cancer Outcome in the Real-world Setting. European Urology Oncology 2024, 8: 1101-1110. PMID: 39098389, DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.07.010.
- Smani S, Sundaresan V, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Carbonella J, Brito J, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Risk factors for Gleason score upgrade from prostate biopsy to radical prostatectomy. Exploration Of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 2024, 5: 981-996. PMID: 39280242, PMCID: PMC11390291, DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00259.
- Sundaresan V, Smani S, Rajwa P, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer: Diagnostic performance, clinical thresholds, and strategies for refinement. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2024, 43: 41-48. PMID: 39019723, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.06.003.
- Sundaresan V, Wang R, Long J, Sprenkle P, Seibert T, Loeb S, Cooperberg M, Catalona W, Ma X, Gross C, Leapman M. Associations Between Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Genomic Testing, and Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer. Urology Practice 2024, 11: 965-973. PMID: 39196719, PMCID: PMC12400587, DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000679.
- Rabil M, Jalfon M, Heckscher D, Song Z, Li F, Martin T, Sprenkle P, Hesse D, Kim I, Leapman M, Cavallo J. Association of Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Technical Skills and Outcomes of Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Urology 2024, 193: 87-94. PMID: 39019332, DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.07.014.
- Diaz G, Webb L, Rabil M, Lokeshwar S, Choksi A, Leapman M, Sprenkle P. Risk Factors and Contemporary Management Options for Pain and Discomfort Experienced During a Prostate Biopsy. Current Urology Reports 2024, 25: 243-252. PMID: 38896314, DOI: 10.1007/s11934-024-01220-w.
- Leapman M, Ho J, Liu Y, Filson C, Zhao X, Hakansson A, Proudfoot J, Davicioni E, Martin D, An Y, Seibert T, Lin D, Spratt D, Cooperberg M, Ross A, Sprenkle P. Development of a Longitudinal Prostate Cancer Transcriptomic and Clinical Data Linkage. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2417274. PMID: 38874922, PMCID: PMC11179136, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17274.
- Zeevi T, Leapman M, Sprenkle P, Venkataraman R, Staib L, Onofrey J. Reliable Prostate Cancer Risk Mapping From MRI Using Targeted and Systematic Core Needle Biopsy Histopathology. IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering 2024, 71: 1084-1091. PMID: 37874731, PMCID: PMC10901528, DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3326799.
- Kim I, Wang A, Corpuz G, Sprenkle P, Leapman M, Brito J, Renzulli J, Kim I. Association between pelvic lymph node dissection and survival among patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Prostate International 2024, 12: 70-78. PMID: 39036758, PMCID: PMC11255894, DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2024.01.002.
- Smani S, Novosel M, Sutherland R, Jeong F, Jalfon M, Marks V, Rajwa P, Nolazco J, Washington S, Renzulli J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Association between sociodemographic factors and diagnosis of lethal prostate cancer in early life. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2023, 42: 28.e9-28.e20. PMID: 38161105, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.10.005.
- Khajir G, Sun T, Wang H, Sprenkle P, Adeniran A, Cai G, Levi A. Cytologic evaluation of upper urinary tract specimens: An institutional retrospective study using The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology second edition with histopathologic follow‐up. Cytopathology 2023, 35: 235-241. PMID: 37916579, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13328.
- Khajir G, Press B, Lokeshwar S, Ghabili K, Rahman S, Gardezi M, Washington S, Cooperberg M, Sprenkle P, Leapman M. Prostate cancer risk stratification using magnetic resonance imaging–ultrasound fusion vs systematic prostate biopsy. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2023, 7: pkad099. PMID: 38085220, PMCID: PMC10733209, DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad099.
- Moses K, Sprenkle P, Bahler C, Box G, Carlsson S, Catalona W, Dahl D, Dall'Era M, Davis J, Drake B, Epstein J, Etzioni R, Farrington T, Garraway I, Jarrard D, Kauffman E, Kaye D, Kibel A, LaGrange C, Maroni P, Ponsky L, Reys B, Salami S, Sanchez A, Seibert T, Shaneyfelt T, Smaldone M, Sonn G, Tyson M, Vapiwala N, Wake R, Washington S, Yu A, Yuh B, Berardi R, Freedman-Cass D. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Prostate Cancer Early Detection, Version 1.2023. Journal Of The National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2023, 21: 236-246. PMID: 36898362, DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.0014.
- Paulson N, Zeevi T, Papademetris M, Leapman MS, Onofrey JA, Sprenkle PC, Humphrey PA, Staib LH, Levi AW. Prediction of Adverse Pathology at Radical Prostatectomy in Grade Group 2 and 3 Prostate Biopsies Using Machine Learning. JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics 2022, 6: e2200016. PMID: 36179281, DOI: 10.1200/cci.22.00016.
- Fang AM, Shumaker LA, Martin KD, Jackson JC, Fan RE, Khajir G, Patel HD, Soodana‐Prakash N, Vourganti S, Filson CP, Sonn GA, Sprenkle PC, Gupta GN, Punnen S, Rais‐Bahrami S. Multi‐institutional analysis of clinical and imaging risk factors for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in men with PI‐RADS 3 lesions. Cancer 2022, 128: 3287-3296. PMID: 35819253, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34355.
- Lokeshwar SD, Nguyen J, Rahman SN, Khajir G, Ho R, Ghabili K, Leapman MS, Weinreb JC, Sprenkle PC. Clinical utility of MR/ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy in patients with lower suspicion lesions on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. Urologic Oncology Seminars And Original Investigations 2022, 40: 407.e21-407.e27. PMID: 35811206, DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.06.005.
- Buck M, Ghiraldi E, Demkowicz P, Park H, An Y, Kann B, Yu J, Sprenkle P, Kim I, Leapman M. Facility-Level Variation in Use of Locoregional Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urology Practice 2021, 9: 141-149. PMID: 37145694, DOI: 10.1097/upj.0000000000000290.
- Syed J, Sprenkle P. Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate. 2020, 651-682. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47771-8_79.
- Syed J, Sprenkle P. Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate. 2019, 1-32. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20317-1_79-1.
- Nguyen K, Nawaf C, Levi A, Huber S, Lu A, Say R, Sprenkle P. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy-induced granulomatous prostatitis on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: a case report. Journal Of Clinical Urology 2016, 10: 280-282. DOI: 10.1177/2051415816651561.
- Ehrenberg H, Cornfeld D, Nawaf C, Sprenkle P, Duncan J. Decision forests for learning prostate cancer probability maps from multiparametric MRI. Proceedings Of SPIE--the International Society For Optical Engineering 2016, 9785: 97851j-97851j-14. DOI: 10.1117/12.2216904.
- Sprenkle P, Badalato G, Wosnitzer M, McKiernan J, Parravicini E, Bagiella E, Goluboff E, Benson M, Rutman M. Exploring medical student education initiatives: does the management of urologic conditions improve with a formal urology clinical clerkship? Journal Of Medicine And The Person 2011, 9: 116-122. DOI: 10.1007/s12682-011-0101-y.
- Pierorazio P, Lambert S, Matsukhani M, Sprenkle P, McCann T, Katz A, Olsson C, Benson M, McKiernan J. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is an independent predictor of outcome after radical prostatectomy. BJU International 2007, 0: 070907021207002-???. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07115.x.
- Sprenkle P, Lowe F. Benign prostate hyperplasia in the older male. Aging Health 2007, 3: 177-189. DOI: 10.2217/1745509x.3.2.177.
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