Louise Wang, MD, MSCE
Biography
Louise Wang, MD, MSCE, specializes in gastroenterology and gastrointestinal cancer genomics. Her clinical focus is on treating complex gastrointestinal conditions, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch Syndrome), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and gastrointestinal submucosal tumors.
Dr. Wang’s research interests include cancer detection and risk assessment, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory bowel disease, health disparities and socioeconomic factors, health policy and insurance, and celiac disease and bone health. Her work explores vaccines for patients with bowel diseases, cancer risks in diverse populations, criteria for cancer surveillance, complications during colonoscopies, and health outcomes for children with abdominal pain.
Dr. Wang is an assistant professor at Yale School of Medicine.
Titles
- Assistant Professor
Education & Training
- MSCEUniversity of Pennsylvania
- MDStanford School of Medicine
- BAUniversity of Pennsylvania
Advanced Training & Certifications
- CareerMODE, Mentoring and training in Omics and Data for Early-stage investigatorsNational Institute of Health (5R25GM143298)
- Epigenetics Boot Camp: Planning and Analyzing DNA Methylation Studies for Human PopulationsColumbia University
- Multi-omics Boot Camp: Analysis of Omics Data for Research StudiesColumbia University
- Integrative Molecular Epidemiology Workshop: Bridging Cancer Biology and Precision MedicineAmerican Association of Cancer Research
- Advanced Gene Mapping CourseThe Rockefeller University
Additional Information
- Future Leaders Program: American Gastroenterological Association (2024)
- Frank Brooks Award for Research: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (2022)
- Academic Skills Workshop Travel Grant: American Gastroenterological Association (2022)
- Advanced Gene Mapping Course Fellowship: Rockefeller Institute, National Human Genome Research Institute (2022)
- AGA Student Abstract of the Year: American Gastroenterological Association (2018)
- Stanley Bradley Award for Clinical Research : Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (2018)
- American College of Medical Quality Scholar : (2015)
- MacKenzie Foundation Scholarship: (2014), (2015)
- Medical Scholars Research Grant: Stanford School of Medicine (2014), (2015)
- VA National Oncology Office (2023 - Present): Member
- Yale Pancreatic Cancer Steering Committee (2023 - Present): Member
- Huang B, Chen F, Bogumil D, Han S, Paik A, Wan P, Sheng X, Siegmund K, Peters U, VoPham T, Wang L, Alderete T, Salhia B, Lenz H, Stram D, Wilkens L, Le Marchand L, Conti D, Haiman C. Interaction of genetic and lifestyle risk scores on colorectal cancer risk across 5 racial and ethnic populations. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2026, djag045. PMID: 41697998, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag045.
- Levinson R, Bushman R, Mezzacappa C, Tate J, Justice A, Wang L. Neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and pancreatic cancer among veterans. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2026, 10: pkag012. PMID: 41644414, PMCID: PMC12975324, DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkag012.
- Wang L, Tate J, Skanderson M, Hauser R, Brandt C, Yang Y, Justice A. Leveraging the Electronic Health Record for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Among 9.4 Million US Veterans. Clinical And Translational Gastroenterology 2026 PMID: 41589692, DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000982.
- Levinson R, Bushman R, Tate J, Skanderson M, Mezzacappa C, Park L, Brandt C, Schuster K, Ketwaroo G, Yang Y, Justice A, Wang L. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Hepatitis C Infection. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2543701. PMID: 41236736, PMCID: PMC12619103, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.43701.
- Wang L, Rahimi Larki N, Skanderson M, Tate J, Hauser R, Brandt C, Yang Y, Justice A. Estimating risk for pancreatic cancer among 9.4 million veterans in care. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2024, 42: 10544-10544. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.10544.
- Rahimi Larki N, Skanderson M, Tate J, Levinson R, Hauser R, Brandt C, Yang Y, Justice A, Wang L. Blood type as a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2024, 42: 10559-10559. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.10559.
- Wang L, Levinson R, Mezzacappa C, Katona B. Review of the cost-effectiveness of surveillance for hereditary pancreatic cancer. Familial Cancer 2024, 23: 351-360. PMID: 38795221, PMCID: PMC11255025, DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00392-1.
- Wang L, Zhang C, Larki N, Dochtermann D, Pyarajan S, Dewan A, Voight B, Kember R, Justice A, Zhao H. Mo1420 THE IMPACT OF PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY ON GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA. Gastroenterology 2024, 166: s-1051. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(24)02887-7.
- Mezzacappa C, Larki N, Skanderson M, Park L, Brandt C, Hauser R, Justice A, Yang Y, Wang L. Development and Validation of Case-Finding Algorithms to Identify Pancreatic Cancer in the Veterans Health Administration. Digestive Diseases And Sciences 2024, 69: 1507-1513. PMID: 38453743, DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08324-w.
- Wang L, Larki N, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Ahmad N, Kaplan D, Yang W, Yang Y. A Clinical Prediction Model to Assess Risk for Pancreatic Cancer Among Patients With Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2024, 53: e254-e259. PMID: 38266222, PMCID: PMC11214820, DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002295.
- Wang L, Grimshaw A, Mezzacappa C, Rahimi Larki N, Yang Y, Justice A. Do Polygenic Risk Scores Add to Clinical Data in Predicting Pancreatic Cancer? A Scoping Review. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2023, 32: 1490-1497. PMID: 37610426, PMCID: PMC10873036, DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0468.
- Wang L, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Kaplan D, Yang Y. Development and validation of case‐finding algorithms to identify acute pancreatitis in the Veterans Health Administration. Pharmacoepidemiology And Drug Safety 2022, 31: 1294-1299. PMID: 36222554, PMCID: PMC9729430, DOI: 10.1002/pds.5549.
- McKenna D, Sanchez P, Powers J, Brower J, Wang L, Mueller R, Symecko H, Hamilton J, Wildman T, Domchek S, Couch F, Garber J, Offit K, Robson M, Katona B. Summary of the experiences, knowledge, medical management, and family communication of monoallelic MUTYH carriers. Journal Of Genetic Counseling 2022, 32: 342-350. PMID: 36245263, PMCID: PMC10436665, DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1641.
- Wang L, Domchek S, Kochman M, Katona B. Reaching beyond family history as inclusion criteria for pancreatic cancer surveillance in high-risk populations. Genes & Cancer 2022, 13: 49-51. PMID: 36051752, PMCID: PMC9423661, DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.223.
- Wang L, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Ahmad N, Yang W, Kaplan D, Yang Y. Mo1242: RISK FACTORS OF PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA AFTER DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY. Gastroenterology 2022, 162: s-740. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(22)61747-5.
- Wang L, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Kaplan D, Yang Y. 780: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CASE-FINDING ALGORITHMS TO IDENTIFY ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN THE US ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD. Gastroenterology 2022, 162: s-188. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(22)60450-5.
- Wang L, Desai H, Verma S, Le A, Hausler R, Verma A, Judy R, Doucette A, Gabriel P, Nathanson K, Damrauer S, Mowery D, Ritchie M, Kember R, Maxwell E, Abecasis G, Bai X, Balasubramanian S, Baras A, Blumenfeld A, Boutkov B, Cantor M, Coppola G, Economides A, Eom G, Habegger L, Hawes A, Jones M, Khalid S, Krasheninina O, Lanche R, Lotta L, Mansfield A, Maxwell K, Mighty J, Mitnaul L, Nafde M, O’Keeffe S, Orelus M, Overton J, Panea R, Polanco T, Rasool A, Reid J, Salerno W, Staples J, Shuldiner A, Beechert C, Forsythe C, Fuller E, Gu Z, Lattari M, Lopez A, Manoochehri K, Overton J, Pradhan M, Schleicher T, Padilla M, Ulloa R, Widom L, Wolf S. Performance of polygenic risk scores for cancer prediction in a racially diverse academic biobank. Genetics In Medicine 2021, 24: 601-609. PMID: 34906489, PMCID: PMC9680700, DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.015.
- Wang L, Scott F, Boursi B, Reiss K, Williams S, Glick H, Yang Y. Cost-Effectiveness of a Risk-Tailored Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Strategy Among Patients With New-Onset Diabetes. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 20: 1997-2004.e7. PMID: 34737092, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.10.037.
- Khan N, Wang L, Trivedi C, Pernes T, Patel M, Xie D, Yang Y. Efficacy of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 20: 1570-1578.e1. PMID: 34274513, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.023.
- Ebrahimzadeh J, Long J, Wang L, Nathanson J, Siddique S, Rustgi A, Goldberg D, Katona B. Associations of sociodemographic and clinical factors with gastrointestinal cancer risk assessment appointment completion. Journal Of Genetic Counseling 2020, 29: 616-624. PMID: 32227561, PMCID: PMC7415544, DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1254.
- Wang L, Mannalithara A, Singh G, Ladabaum U. Low Rates of Gastrointestinal and Non-Gastrointestinal Complications for Screening or Surveillance Colonoscopies in a Population-Based Study. Gastroenterology 2018, 154: 540-555.e8. PMID: 29031502, DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.006.
- Wang L, Haberland C, Thurm C, Bhattacharya J, Park KT. Health outcomes in US children with abdominal pain at major emergency departments associated with race and socioeconomic status. PloS One 2015, 10: e0132758. PMID: 26267816, PMCID: PMC4534408, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132758.
- Austin DR, Luan A, Wang LL, Bhattacharya J. Small increases to employer premiums could shift millions of people to the exchanges and add billions to federal outlays. Health Affairs (Project Hope) 2013, 32: 1531-7. PMID: 24019356, DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0522.
- Park KT, Tsai R, Wang L, Khavari N, Bachrach L, Bass D. Cost-effectiveness of universal serologic screening to prevent nontraumatic hip and vertebral fractures in patients with celiac disease. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology : The Official Clinical Practice Journal Of The American Gastroenterological Association 2013, 11: 645-53. PMID: 23357490, PMCID: PMC3655158, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.037.
- King CE, Wang L, Winograd R, Madison BB, Mongroo PS, Johnstone CN, Rustgi AK. LIN28B fosters colon cancer migration, invasion and transformation through let-7-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Oncogene 2011, 30: 4185-93. PMID: 21625210, PMCID: PMC3165068, DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.131.
- Minton RL, Wang LL. Evidence of sexual shape dimorphism in Viviparus (Gastropoda: Viviparidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 2011;77:315-317.
Biography
Louise Wang, MD, MSCE, specializes in gastroenterology and gastrointestinal cancer genomics. Her clinical focus is on treating complex gastrointestinal conditions, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch Syndrome), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and gastrointestinal submucosal tumors.
Dr. Wang’s research interests include cancer detection and risk assessment, gastrointestinal disorders and inflammatory bowel disease, health disparities and socioeconomic factors, health policy and insurance, and celiac disease and bone health. Her work explores vaccines for patients with bowel diseases, cancer risks in diverse populations, criteria for cancer surveillance, complications during colonoscopies, and health outcomes for children with abdominal pain.
Dr. Wang is an assistant professor at Yale School of Medicine.
Titles
- Assistant Professor
Education & Training
- MSCEUniversity of Pennsylvania
- MDStanford School of Medicine
- BAUniversity of Pennsylvania
Advanced Training & Certifications
- CareerMODE, Mentoring and training in Omics and Data for Early-stage investigatorsNational Institute of Health (5R25GM143298)
- Epigenetics Boot Camp: Planning and Analyzing DNA Methylation Studies for Human PopulationsColumbia University
- Multi-omics Boot Camp: Analysis of Omics Data for Research StudiesColumbia University
- Integrative Molecular Epidemiology Workshop: Bridging Cancer Biology and Precision MedicineAmerican Association of Cancer Research
- Advanced Gene Mapping CourseThe Rockefeller University
Additional Information
- Future Leaders Program: American Gastroenterological Association (2024)
- Frank Brooks Award for Research: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (2022)
- Academic Skills Workshop Travel Grant: American Gastroenterological Association (2022)
- Advanced Gene Mapping Course Fellowship: Rockefeller Institute, National Human Genome Research Institute (2022)
- AGA Student Abstract of the Year: American Gastroenterological Association (2018)
- Stanley Bradley Award for Clinical Research : Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (2018)
- American College of Medical Quality Scholar : (2015)
- MacKenzie Foundation Scholarship: (2014), (2015)
- Medical Scholars Research Grant: Stanford School of Medicine (2014), (2015)
- VA National Oncology Office (2023 - Present): Member
- Yale Pancreatic Cancer Steering Committee (2023 - Present): Member
- Huang B, Chen F, Bogumil D, Han S, Paik A, Wan P, Sheng X, Siegmund K, Peters U, VoPham T, Wang L, Alderete T, Salhia B, Lenz H, Stram D, Wilkens L, Le Marchand L, Conti D, Haiman C. Interaction of genetic and lifestyle risk scores on colorectal cancer risk across 5 racial and ethnic populations. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2026, djag045. PMID: 41697998, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag045.
- Levinson R, Bushman R, Mezzacappa C, Tate J, Justice A, Wang L. Neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and pancreatic cancer among veterans. JNCI Cancer Spectrum 2026, 10: pkag012. PMID: 41644414, PMCID: PMC12975324, DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkag012.
- Wang L, Tate J, Skanderson M, Hauser R, Brandt C, Yang Y, Justice A. Leveraging the Electronic Health Record for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Among 9.4 Million US Veterans. Clinical And Translational Gastroenterology 2026 PMID: 41589692, DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000982.
- Levinson R, Bushman R, Tate J, Skanderson M, Mezzacappa C, Park L, Brandt C, Schuster K, Ketwaroo G, Yang Y, Justice A, Wang L. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Hepatitis C Infection. JAMA Network Open 2025, 8: e2543701. PMID: 41236736, PMCID: PMC12619103, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.43701.
- Wang L, Rahimi Larki N, Skanderson M, Tate J, Hauser R, Brandt C, Yang Y, Justice A. Estimating risk for pancreatic cancer among 9.4 million veterans in care. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2024, 42: 10544-10544. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.10544.
- Rahimi Larki N, Skanderson M, Tate J, Levinson R, Hauser R, Brandt C, Yang Y, Justice A, Wang L. Blood type as a risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2024, 42: 10559-10559. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.10559.
- Wang L, Levinson R, Mezzacappa C, Katona B. Review of the cost-effectiveness of surveillance for hereditary pancreatic cancer. Familial Cancer 2024, 23: 351-360. PMID: 38795221, PMCID: PMC11255025, DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00392-1.
- Wang L, Zhang C, Larki N, Dochtermann D, Pyarajan S, Dewan A, Voight B, Kember R, Justice A, Zhao H. Mo1420 THE IMPACT OF PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY ON GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES OF PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA. Gastroenterology 2024, 166: s-1051. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(24)02887-7.
- Mezzacappa C, Larki N, Skanderson M, Park L, Brandt C, Hauser R, Justice A, Yang Y, Wang L. Development and Validation of Case-Finding Algorithms to Identify Pancreatic Cancer in the Veterans Health Administration. Digestive Diseases And Sciences 2024, 69: 1507-1513. PMID: 38453743, DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08324-w.
- Wang L, Larki N, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Ahmad N, Kaplan D, Yang W, Yang Y. A Clinical Prediction Model to Assess Risk for Pancreatic Cancer Among Patients With Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2024, 53: e254-e259. PMID: 38266222, PMCID: PMC11214820, DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002295.
- Wang L, Grimshaw A, Mezzacappa C, Rahimi Larki N, Yang Y, Justice A. Do Polygenic Risk Scores Add to Clinical Data in Predicting Pancreatic Cancer? A Scoping Review. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2023, 32: 1490-1497. PMID: 37610426, PMCID: PMC10873036, DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0468.
- Wang L, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Kaplan D, Yang Y. Development and validation of case‐finding algorithms to identify acute pancreatitis in the Veterans Health Administration. Pharmacoepidemiology And Drug Safety 2022, 31: 1294-1299. PMID: 36222554, PMCID: PMC9729430, DOI: 10.1002/pds.5549.
- McKenna D, Sanchez P, Powers J, Brower J, Wang L, Mueller R, Symecko H, Hamilton J, Wildman T, Domchek S, Couch F, Garber J, Offit K, Robson M, Katona B. Summary of the experiences, knowledge, medical management, and family communication of monoallelic MUTYH carriers. Journal Of Genetic Counseling 2022, 32: 342-350. PMID: 36245263, PMCID: PMC10436665, DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1641.
- Wang L, Domchek S, Kochman M, Katona B. Reaching beyond family history as inclusion criteria for pancreatic cancer surveillance in high-risk populations. Genes & Cancer 2022, 13: 49-51. PMID: 36051752, PMCID: PMC9423661, DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.223.
- Wang L, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Ahmad N, Yang W, Kaplan D, Yang Y. Mo1242: RISK FACTORS OF PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA AFTER DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY. Gastroenterology 2022, 162: s-740. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(22)61747-5.
- Wang L, Dobkin J, Salgado S, Kaplan D, Yang Y. 780: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CASE-FINDING ALGORITHMS TO IDENTIFY ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN THE US ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD. Gastroenterology 2022, 162: s-188. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(22)60450-5.
- Wang L, Desai H, Verma S, Le A, Hausler R, Verma A, Judy R, Doucette A, Gabriel P, Nathanson K, Damrauer S, Mowery D, Ritchie M, Kember R, Maxwell E, Abecasis G, Bai X, Balasubramanian S, Baras A, Blumenfeld A, Boutkov B, Cantor M, Coppola G, Economides A, Eom G, Habegger L, Hawes A, Jones M, Khalid S, Krasheninina O, Lanche R, Lotta L, Mansfield A, Maxwell K, Mighty J, Mitnaul L, Nafde M, O’Keeffe S, Orelus M, Overton J, Panea R, Polanco T, Rasool A, Reid J, Salerno W, Staples J, Shuldiner A, Beechert C, Forsythe C, Fuller E, Gu Z, Lattari M, Lopez A, Manoochehri K, Overton J, Pradhan M, Schleicher T, Padilla M, Ulloa R, Widom L, Wolf S. Performance of polygenic risk scores for cancer prediction in a racially diverse academic biobank. Genetics In Medicine 2021, 24: 601-609. PMID: 34906489, PMCID: PMC9680700, DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.015.
- Wang L, Scott F, Boursi B, Reiss K, Williams S, Glick H, Yang Y. Cost-Effectiveness of a Risk-Tailored Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Strategy Among Patients With New-Onset Diabetes. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 20: 1997-2004.e7. PMID: 34737092, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.10.037.
- Khan N, Wang L, Trivedi C, Pernes T, Patel M, Xie D, Yang Y. Efficacy of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2021, 20: 1570-1578.e1. PMID: 34274513, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.023.
- Ebrahimzadeh J, Long J, Wang L, Nathanson J, Siddique S, Rustgi A, Goldberg D, Katona B. Associations of sociodemographic and clinical factors with gastrointestinal cancer risk assessment appointment completion. Journal Of Genetic Counseling 2020, 29: 616-624. PMID: 32227561, PMCID: PMC7415544, DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1254.
- Wang L, Mannalithara A, Singh G, Ladabaum U. Low Rates of Gastrointestinal and Non-Gastrointestinal Complications for Screening or Surveillance Colonoscopies in a Population-Based Study. Gastroenterology 2018, 154: 540-555.e8. PMID: 29031502, DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.006.
- Wang L, Haberland C, Thurm C, Bhattacharya J, Park KT. Health outcomes in US children with abdominal pain at major emergency departments associated with race and socioeconomic status. PloS One 2015, 10: e0132758. PMID: 26267816, PMCID: PMC4534408, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132758.
- Austin DR, Luan A, Wang LL, Bhattacharya J. Small increases to employer premiums could shift millions of people to the exchanges and add billions to federal outlays. Health Affairs (Project Hope) 2013, 32: 1531-7. PMID: 24019356, DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0522.
- Park KT, Tsai R, Wang L, Khavari N, Bachrach L, Bass D. Cost-effectiveness of universal serologic screening to prevent nontraumatic hip and vertebral fractures in patients with celiac disease. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology : The Official Clinical Practice Journal Of The American Gastroenterological Association 2013, 11: 645-53. PMID: 23357490, PMCID: PMC3655158, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.037.
- King CE, Wang L, Winograd R, Madison BB, Mongroo PS, Johnstone CN, Rustgi AK. LIN28B fosters colon cancer migration, invasion and transformation through let-7-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Oncogene 2011, 30: 4185-93. PMID: 21625210, PMCID: PMC3165068, DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.131.
- Minton RL, Wang LL. Evidence of sexual shape dimorphism in Viviparus (Gastropoda: Viviparidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies 2011;77:315-317.