Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MicroTESE) is a surgical procedure used to retrieve sperm from the testicles of men with non-obstructive azoospermia, a condition where no sperm is present in the ejaculate due to issues with sperm production. During the procedure, a microscope is used to identify and extract sperm-containing tubules from the testicular tissue, increasing the chances of finding viable sperm for use in assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).