Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM
Biography
Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM, is the director of the Yale New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), one of the nation’s first research units dedicated to improving patient outcomes and promoting better population health. While he is a cardiologist who still cares for heart patients at Yale New Haven Hospital, Dr. Krumholz is also well known for pursuing research that involves gathering, measuring, and analyzing data, often from billing records or existing databases. The results have been used to improve care on a national scale.
Dr. Krumholz became interested in medicine as a child, when his father, a pulmonologist, brought him on patient rounds. Years later, as an intern for a health service in rural North Carolina, the younger Dr. Krumholz studied ways to help people not served adequately by the health care system. “I was sort of drawn in this way to the practical aspects of medicine,” he says. “What I do now is called ‘outcomes research.’ It's asking, at the end of the day, how have we helped people? What have we actually done for them?”
One of Dr. Krumholz’s most notable projects showed that while doctors were increasingly successful at developing innovative tools and techniques to treat heart attacks, patients weren’t always getting those treatments quickly enough. “When we looked around the country and at our own experience, we saw that too often people would come into the emergency room with a heart attack and delays would occur—delays in diagnosis, transport, communication, and preparation for the cath lab,” he says.
Working with the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, Dr. Krumholz analyzed the problems and worked with people at hospitals around the country to make research-based improvements. Some of the changes were as simple as requiring paramedics to transmit electrocardiogram readings from the ambulance to the emergency room to reduce door-to-treatment time once the patient arrived. As a result of the changes, “Many patients who would have waited two or three hours for care for a heart attack are now treated in the hospital within 15 minutes,” Dr. Krumholz says. “At our own institution, we've seen many patients come in with a heart attack and get treatment so fast that there was no discernible damage. That's what research enabled.”
Dr. Krumholz says much of his inspiration for changing care came from his own work over the years with patients. “Caring for patients is very important to me, because it reminds me of the distance we need to go. Personally, I also very much enjoy the connection with patients. It's one of the most gratifying things ever. You walk into a room where people trust you without knowing you, and then you show them that you're worthy of the trust,” says Dr. Krumholz. Currently, he is exploring a number of research avenues, including the best ways to use the growing bodies of data that are becoming available in medicine from electronic medical records and other sources. “We believe that medicine is going to be entirely different in 10 years. It has the potential to be much better,” he says.
In addition to his clinical work and research, Dr. Krumholz was the director of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program for more than 20 years, which prepared talented physicians to become future health care leaders. He is the author of books on smoking cessation and on reducing the risk of heart disease. He publishes a blog on Forbes.com and is an occasional contributor to both the New York Times and National Public Radio. He has a podcast, Never Delegate Understanding, that is dedicated to stories of patient empowerment.
Titles
- Harold H. Hines, Jr. Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) and Professor in the Institute for Social and Policy Studies, of Investigative Medicine and of Public Health (Health Policy)
- Director, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE)
Education & Training
- FellowBeth Israel Hospital/Harvard Medical School (1992)
- SMHarvard, Health Policy and Management (SM) (1992)
- Chief ResidentMoffitt Hospital/University of California, San Francisco (1989)
- ResidentUniversity of California, San Francisco (1988)
- MDHarvard University (1985)
- BSYale College, Biology (1980)
Additional Information
- Clinical Research Prize: American Heart Association (2019)
- Top-10 Distinguished International Cardiologists (for contributions to the development of cardiovascular medicine in China): Chinese Society of Cardiology (2018)
- Advisory Committee to the Director: National Institutes of Health (2015)
- China Friendship Award: People's Republic of China (2014)
- Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Outstanding Achievement Award: American Heart Association (2013)
- Distinguished Achievement Award: American Heart Association (2011)
- Board of Trustees: American College of Cardiology Foundation (2010)
- Board of Directors: American Board of Internal Medicine (2010)
- Distinguished Scientist Award: American Heart Association (2010)
- Elected member: Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering (2008)
- AB of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease (1991)
- AB of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine (1989)
- American College of Cardiology (2009 - Present): Steering Committee of the Hospital to Home (H2H) Initiative
- Institute of Medicine (2008 - Present): Evidentiary Recommendations for Qualification of Surrogate Endpoints for Chronic Disease Risk Committee
- National Cardiovascular Data Registry (2008 - Present): International Strategy Work Group
- American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2008 - Present): Methodology for the Selection and Creation of Performance Measures for Quantifying the Quality of Cardiovascular Care Writing Committee
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2008 - Present): Expert Panel on Integrated CVD Risk Reduction in Adults and the Guidelines Implementation Work Group
- National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine (2008 - Present): Committee on Human Rights
- American Heart Association (2007 - 2009): Standards for Measures Used for Public Reporting of Efficiency and Value in Health Care Writing Group
- American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2007 - 2009): Writing Group to Update the 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, of the June 2007 Focused Update of the 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- American Heart Association (2007 - 2008): Implementation and Integration of Pre-hospital Electrocardiogram Programs into Systems of Care for Acute Coronary Syndrome Writing Group
- Yale School of Medicine (2007 - Present): MD-MHS Advisory Committee
- Krumholz HM. Post-hospital syndrome--an acquired, transient condition of generalized risk. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2013, 368:100-2.
- Jackevicius CA, Chou MM, Ross JS, Shah ND, Krumholz HM. Generic atorvastatin and health care costs. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2012, 366:201-4.
- Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, Phillips CO, Hodshon BV, Cooper LS, Krumholz HM. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2010, 363:2301-9.
- Ross JS, Normand SL, Wang Y, Ko DT, Chen J, Drye EE, Keenan PS, Lichtman JH, Bueno H, Schreiner GC, Krumholz HM. Hospital volume and 30-day mortality for three common medical conditions. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2010, 362:1110-8.
- Krumholz HM, Lee TH. Redefining quality--implications of recent clinical trials. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2008, 358:2537-9.
- Jackevicius CA, Tu JV, Ross JS, Ko DT, Krumholz HM. Use of ezetimibe in the United States and Canada. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2008, 358:1819-28.
- Nallamothu BK, Bradley EH, Krumholz HM. Time to treatment in primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2007, 357:1631-8.
- Bradley EH, Herrin J, Wang Y, Barton BA, Webster TR, Mattera JA, Roumanis SA, Curtis JP, Nallamothu BK, Magid DJ, McNamara RL, Parkosewich J, Loeb JM, Krumholz HM. Strategies for reducing the door-to-balloon time in acute myocardial infarction. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2006, 355:2308-20.
- Vaccarino V, Rathore SS, Wenger NK, Frederick PD, Abramson JL, Barron HV, Manhapra A, Mallik S, Krumholz HM. Sex and racial differences in the management of acute myocardial infarction, 1994 through 2002. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2005, 353:671-82.
- Rathore SS, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. Sex-based differences in the effect of digoxin for the treatment of heart failure. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2002, 347:1403-11.
- Wu WC, Rathore SS, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 345:1230-6.
- Chen J, Rathore SS, Radford MJ, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. Racial differences in the use of cardiac catheterization after acute myocardial infarction. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2001, 344:1443-9.
- Vaccarino V, Parsons L, Every NR, Barron HV, Krumholz HM. Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Participants. The New England Journal Of Medicine 1999, 341:217-25.
- Chen J, Radford MJ, Wang Y, Marciniak TA, Krumholz HM. Do "America's Best Hospitals" perform better for acute myocardial infarction? The New England Journal Of Medicine 1999, 340:286-92.
- Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction--for few patients, or many? The New England Journal Of Medicine 1998, 339:551-3.
- Krumholz HM. Cardiac procedures, outcomes, and accountability. The New England Journal Of Medicine 1997, 336:1522-3.
- Krumholz HM, Pasternak RC, Weinstein MC, Friesinger GC, Ridker PM, Tosteson AN, Goldman L. Cost effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase in elderly patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. The New England Journal Of Medicine 1992, 327:7-13.
- Krumholz HM, Wang K, Lin Z, Dharmarajan K, Horwitz LI, Ross JS, Drye EE, Bernheim SM, Normand ST. Hospital-Readmission Risk - Isolating Hospital Effects from Patient Effects. The New England Journal Of Medicine 2017, 377:1055-1064.
- Sel K, Brown A, Jang H, Krumholz HM, Lu N, Jafari R. A Wrist-worn Respiration Monitoring Device using Bio-Impedance. Annual International Conference Of The IEEE Engineering In Medicine And Biology Society. IEEE Engineering In Medicine And Biology Society. Annual International Conference 2020, 2020:3989-3993.
- Mori M, Wang Y, Murugiah K, Khera R, Gupta A, Vallabhajosyula P, Masoudi FA, Geirsson A, Krumholz HM. Trends in Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery for Older Adults in the United States, 1998 to 2017. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9:e016980.
- Pendyal A, Rothenberg C, Scofi JE, Krumholz HM, Safdar B, Dreyer RP, Venkatesh AK. National Trends in Emergency Department Care Processes for Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States, 2005 to 2015. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2020, 9:e017208.
- Bikdeli B, Chatterjee S, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Andreozzi GM, Desai NR, Francese DP, Gibson CM, Piazza G, Goldhaber SZ, Eikelboom JW, Krumholz HM, Stone GW. Sulodexide versus Control and the Risk of Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Events: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Seminars In Thrombosis And Hemostasis 2020, 46:908-918.
- Ding Q, Spatz ES, Lipska KJ, Lin H, Spertus JA, Dreyer RP, Whittemore R, Funk M, Bueno H, Krumholz HM. Newly diagnosed diabetes and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in young adults. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2020.
- Labrosciano C, Horton D, Air T, Tavella R, Beltrame JF, Zeitz CJ, Krumholz HM, Adams RJ, Scott IA, Gallagher M, Hossain S, Hariharaputhiran S, Ranasinghe I. Frequency, Trends and Institutional Variation in 30-Day All-Cause Mortality and Unplanned Readmissions Following Hospitalisation for Heart Failure in Australia and New Zealand. European Journal Of Heart Failure 2020.
- Zhong Q, Gao Y, Zheng X, Chen J, Masoudi FA, Lu Y, Feng Y, Hu S, Zhang Q, Huang C, Wang Y, Krumholz HM, Li X, Zhou Y. Geographic Variation in Process and Outcomes of Care for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction in China From 2001 to 2015. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3:e2021182.
- Mszar R, Mahajan S, Valero-Elizondo J, Yahya T, Sharma R, Grandhi GR, Khera R, Virani SS, Lichtman J, Khan SU, Cainzos-Achirica M, Vahidy FS, Krumholz HM, Nasir K. Association Between Sociodemographic Determinants and Disparities in Stroke Symptom Awareness Among US Young Adults. Stroke; A Journal Of Cerebral Circulation 2020, 51:3552-3561.
- Schuemie MJ, Ryan PB, Pratt N, Chen R, You SC, Krumholz HM, Madigan D, Hripcsak G, Suchard MA. Erratum to: Large-Scale Evidence Generation and Evaluation across a Network of Databases (LEGEND): Assessing Validity Using Hypertension as a Case Study. Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2021, 28:196.
- You SC, Rho Y, Bikdeli B, Kim J, Siapos A, Weaver J, Londhe A, Cho J, Park J, Schuemie M, Suchard MA, Madigan D, Hripcsak G, Gupta A, Reich CG, Ryan PB, Park RW, Krumholz HM. Association of Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel With Net Adverse Clinical Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JAMA 2020, 324:1640-1650.
- Mahajan S, Srinivasan R, Redlich CA, Huston SK, Anastasio KM, Cashman L, Massey DS, Dugan A, Witters D, Marlar J, Li SX, Lin Z, Hodge D, Chattopadhyay M, Adams MD, Lee C, Rao LV, Stewart C, Kuppusamy K, Ko AI, Krumholz HM. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG Antibodies Among Adults Living in Connecticut: Post-Infection Prevalence (PIP) Study. The American Journal Of Medicine 2020.
- Venkatesh AK, Greenwood-Ericksen MB, Mei H, Rothenberg C, Lin Z, Krumholz HM. Unscheduled Care Access in the United States-A Tale of Two Emergency Departments. The American Journal Of Emergency Medicine 2020.
- Mori M, Khera R, Lin Z, Ross JS, Schulz W, Krumholz HM. The Promise of Big Data and Digital Solutions in Building a Cardiovascular Learning System: Opportunities and Barriers. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal 2020, 16:212-219.
- Krumholz HM, Bloom T, Sever R, Rawlinson C, Inglis JR, Ross JS. Submissions and Downloads of Preprints in the First Year of medRxiv. JAMA 2020, 324:1903-1905.
- Mahajan S, Caraballo C, Lu Y, Massey D, Murugiah K, Annapureddy AR, Roy B, Riley C, Onuma O, Nunez-Smith M, Valero-Elizondo J, Forman HP, Nasir K, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health of Adults in the United States: A 20-Year National Health Interview Survey Analysis, 1999-2018. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2020.
- Caraballo C, Massey D, Mahajan S, Lu Y, Annapureddy AR, Roy B, Riley C, Murugiah K, Valero-Elizondo J, Onuma O, Nunez-Smith M, Forman HP, Nasir K, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Health Care Among Adults in the United States: A 20-Year National Health Interview Survey Analysis, 1999-2018. MedRxiv : The Preprint Server For Health Sciences 2020.
- Desai NR, Krumholz HM. From Reactivity to Proactivity: On the Path to Pre-Empting Heart Failure Hospitalizations. JACC. Heart Failure 2020, 8:1035-1037.
- Sikka R, Lincoln AE, Adamson BJS, Epstein JA, Krumholz HM. What's Important: Reopening Lessons from the Big Leagues' Experiences with COVID-19. The Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery. American Volume 2021, 103:1-3.
- Vaduganathan M, Butler J, Krumholz HM, Itchhaporia D, Stecker EC, Bhatt DL. Regulation of Cardiovascular Therapies During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2020, 76:2517-2521.
- Hsia RY, Krumholz H, Shen YC. Evaluation of STEMI Regionalization on Access, Treatment, and Outcomes Among Adults Living in Nonminority and Minority Communities. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3:e2025874.
- Krumholz HM. Inflection Point: Ideas for Accelerating Breakthroughs and Improving Cardiovascular Health. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2020, 13:e007615.
- Desai MM, Zogg CK, Ranasinghe I, Parzynski CS, Lin Z, Gorbaty M, Merrill A, Krumholz HM, Drye EE. Variation in Risk-standardized Rates and Causes of Unplanned Hospital Visits Within 7 Days of Hospital Outpatient Surgery. Annals Of Surgery 2020.
- Madhavan MV, Bikdeli B, Redfors B, Biondi-Zoccai G, Varunok NJ, Burton JR, Crowley A, Francese DP, Gupta A, Der Nigoghossian C, Chatterjee S, Palmerini T, Benedetto U, You SC, Ohman M, Kastrati A, Steg PG, Gibson CM, Angiolillo DJ, Krumholz HM, Stone GW. Antiplatelet strategies in acute coronary syndromes: design and methodology of an international collaborative network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Minerva Cardioangiologica 2020.
- Durant TJS, Jean RA, Huang C, Coppi A, Schulz WL, Geirsson A, Krumholz HM. Evaluation of a Risk Stratification Model Using Preoperative and Intraoperative Data for Major Morbidity or Mortality After Cardiac Surgical Treatment. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3:e2028361.
- Fahed AC, Aragam KG, Hindy G, Chen YI, Chaudhary K, Dobbyn A, Krumholz HM, Sheu WHH, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Chowdhury R, Cho J, Do R, Ellinor PT, Kathiresan S, Khera AV. Transethnic Transferability of a Genome-Wide Polygenic Score for Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation. Genomic And Precision Medicine 2021, 14:e003092.
- Mahajan S, Feng F, Hu S, Lu Y, Gupta A, Murugiah K, Gao Y, Lu J, Liu J, Zheng X, Spatz ES, Zhang H, Krumholz HM, Li J. Assessment of Prevalence, Awareness, and Characteristics of Isolated Systolic Hypertension Among Younger and Middle-Aged Adults in China. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3:e209743.
- Harshfield EL, Pennells L, Schwartz JE, Willeit P, Kaptoge S, Bell S, Shaffer JA, Bolton T, Spackman S, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Kee F, Amouyel P, Shea SJ, Kuller LH, Kauhanen J, van Zutphen EM, Blazer DG, Krumholz H, Nietert PJ, Kromhout D, Laughlin G, Berkman L, Wallace RB, Simons LA, Dennison EM, Barr ELM, Meyer HE, Wood AM, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, Davidson KW. Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases. JAMA 2020, 324:2396-2405.
- Faust JS, Krumholz HM, Du C, Mayes KD, Lin Z, Gilman C, Walensky RP. All-Cause Excess Mortality and COVID-19-Related Mortality Among US Adults Aged 25-44 Years, March-July 2020. JAMA 2021, 325:785-787.
- Morales DR, Conover MM, You SC, Pratt N, Kostka K, Duarte-Salles T, Fernández-Bertolín S, Aragón M, DuVall SL, Lynch K, Falconer T, van Bochove K, Sung C, Matheny ME, Lambert CG, Nyberg F, Alshammari TM, Williams AE, Park RW, Weaver J, Sena AG, Schuemie MJ, Rijnbeek PR, Williams RD, Lane JCE, Prats-Uribe A, Zhang L, Areia C, Krumholz HM, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ryan PB, Hripcsak G, Suchard MA. Renin-angiotensin system blockers and susceptibility to COVID-19: an international, open science, cohort analysis. The Lancet. Digital Health 2021, 3:e98-e114.
- Mori M, Wang Y, Mahajan S, Geirsson A, Krumholz HM. Associations Between the Severity of Influenza Seasons and Mortality and Readmission Risks After Elective Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Older Adults. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3:e2031078.
- Angraal S, Zachariah AG, Raaisa R, Khera R, Rao P, Krumholz HM, Spertus JA. Evaluation of Internet-Based Crowdsourced Fundraising to Cover Health Care Costs in the United States. JAMA Network Open 2021, 4:e2033157.
- Murugiah K, Gupta A, Krumholz HM. Time to Reperfusion in ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction: When Does the Clock Start? Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions 2021, 14:e010459.
- Dodson JA, Hajduk AM, Murphy TE, Geda M, Krumholz HM, Tsang S, Nanna MG, Tinetti ME, Ouellet G, Sybrant D, Gill TM, Chaudhry SI. 180-day readmission risk model for older adults with acute myocardial infarction: the SILVER-AMI study. Open Heart 2021, 8.
- Faust JS, Shah SB, Du C, Li SX, Lin Z, Krumholz HM. Suicide Deaths During the COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Advisory in Massachusetts, March to May 2020. JAMA Network Open 2021, 4:e2034273.
- Montoy JCC, Shen YC, Brindis RG, Krumholz HM, Hsia RY. Impact of ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Regionalization Programs on the Treatment and Outcomes of Patients Diagnosed With Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2021, 10:e016932.
- Annapureddy AR, Angraal S, Caraballo C, Grimshaw A, Huang C, Mortazavi BJ, Krumholz HM. The National Institutes of Health funding for clinical research applying machine learning techniques in 2017. NPJ Digital Medicine 2020, 3:13.
- Zinoviev R, Krumholz HM, Pirruccio K, Forman H. Association of Graduate Medical Education With Hospital Performance and Patient Outcomes. JAMA Network Open 2021, 4:e2034196.
- Vogels CBF, Watkins AE, Harden CA, Brackney DE, Shafer J, Wang J, Caraballo C, Kalinich CC, Ott IM, Fauver JR, Kudo E, Lu P, Venkataraman A, Tokuyama M, Moore AJ, Muenker MC, Casanovas-Massana A, Fournier J, Bermejo S, Campbell M, Datta R, Nelson A, Dela Cruz CS, Ko AI, Iwasaki A, Krumholz HM, Matheus JD, Hui P, Liu C, Farhadian SF, Sikka R, Wyllie AL, Grubaugh ND. SalivaDirect: A Simplified and Flexible Platform to Enhance SARS-CoV-2 Testing Capacity. Med (New York, N.Y.) 2020.
- Mori M, Nasir K, Bao H, Jimenez A, Legore SS, Wang Y, Grady J, Lama SD, Brandi N, Lin Z, Kurlansky P, Geirsson A, Bernheim SM, Krumholz HM, Suter LG. Administrative Claims Measure for Profiling Hospital Performance Based on 90-Day All-Cause Mortality Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2021, 14:e006644.
- Schulz WL, Kvedar JC, Krumholz HM. Agile analytics to support rapid knowledge pipelines. NPJ Digital Medicine 2020, 3:108.
- Inan OT, Tenaerts P, Prindiville SA, Reynolds HR, Dizon DS, Cooper-Arnold K, Turakhia M, Pletcher MJ, Preston KL, Krumholz HM, Marlin BM, Mandl KD, Klasnja P, Spring B, Iturriaga E, Campo R, Desvigne-Nickens P, Rosenberg Y, Steinhubl SR, Califf RM. Digitizing clinical trials. NPJ Digital Medicine 2020, 3:101.
- Schulz WL, Young HP, Coppi A, Mortazavi BJ, Lin Z, Jean RA, Krumholz HM. Temporal relationship of computed and structured diagnoses in electronic health record data. BMC Medical Informatics And Decision Making 2021, 21:61.
- Mahajan S, Caraballo C, Li SX, Dong Y, Chen L, Huston SK, Srinivasan R, Redlich CA, Ko AI, Faust JS, Forman HP, Krumholz HM. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Hospitalization Rate and Infection Fatality Rate Among the Non-Congregant Population in Connecticut. The American Journal Of Medicine 2021.
- Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Mortazavi BJ, Hurley NC, Krumholz HM, Curtis JP, Berkowitz AP, Masoudi FA, Messenger JC, Parzynski CS, Ngufor CG, Girotra S, Amin AP, Shah ND, Desai NR. Use of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock. JAMA Network Open 2021, 4:e2037748.
- Khera R, Clark C, Lu Y, Guo Y, Ren S, Truax B, Spatz ES, Murugiah K, Lin Z, Omer SB, Vojta D, Krumholz HM. Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers with the Risk of Hospitalization and Death in Hypertensive Patients with Coronavirus Disease-19. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2021, e018086.
- Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Poterucha TJ, DeFilippis EM, Hennessey JA, Redfors B, Eckhardt C, Bikdeli B, Platt J, Nalbandian A, Elias P, Cummings MJ, Nouri SN, Lawlor M, Ranard LS, Li J, Boyle C, Givens R, Brodie D, Krumholz HM, Stone GW, Sethi SS, Burkhoff D, Uriel N, Schwartz A, Leon MB, Kirtane AJ, Wan EY, Parikh SA. Association between antecedent statin use and decreased mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Nature Communications 2021, 12:1325.
- Shen YC, Krumholz H, Hsia RY. Association of Cardiac Care Regionalization With Access, Treatment, and Mortality Among Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2021, CIRCOUTCOMES120007195.