Fact Sheets

Hyperparathyroidism
A condition in which the parathyroid gland produces too much parathryoid hormone and can cause problems with the bones and other organs.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis causes weakened bones and a higher-than-normal risk of fractures. It occurs as people age, but when caught early, it is treatable.
Low Bone Density
Low bone density is a condition that causes bone mineral density to decline, increasing risk of fractures. Learn about symptoms and treatment.
Vitamin D Deficiency
A vitamin D deficiency can cause health problems like muscle weakness and brittle bones.
Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are hard deposits of mineral and acid salts in the kidneys. These stones are painful when they are passed through the body.
Endocrine Cancer
Endocrine tumors form when abnormal cells in an endocrine gland or organ grow and multiply in an uncontrolled manner.
Thyroid Nodule
A growth in the thyroid, a gland that sits at the front of the neck, on top of the windpipe.
Goiter
A swelling in the neck caused by an enlarged thyroid gland. Treatment may involve radioactive iodine, surgery, or medication.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
A rare type of cancer that starts in the adrenal cortex.
Diagnosing Kidney Disease
Yale Medicine has one of the country’s first renal (kidney) pathology labs and deep expertise in diagnosing the disease. Learn how this condition is diagnosed.