Laser and light-based treatments for acne use light energy to help reduce acne and improve the appearance of the skin. These minimally invasive, in-office procedures may be considered for people with mild, moderate, or severe acne who have not seen improvement with standard treatments such as topical creams, oral antibiotics, or other medications. Laser or light-based treatments may be used along with other treatments or on their own. They may also be considered for people who have experienced or prefer to avoid side effects from taking medications.

In these procedures, clinicians use specially designed devices to deliver specific wavelengths of light that are absorbed by structures in the skin, including acne-causing bacteria and oil-producing sebaceous glands. Treatment usually takes place over several sessions and can lead to reduced oil production and fewer breakouts.

Although light-based therapies have been used to treat acne for several decades, the devices that are used today are safer and more effective and involve less discomfort than those used in the past. Research shows that currently available light-based and laser treatments can result in significant and lasting improvement of acne in people with a wide range of skin types with a low risk of serious complications.

Laser and other light-based treatments are minimally invasive procedures that deliver specific wavelengths or types of light to the skin to treat acne and improve skin appearance. Several types of laser and light-based treatments are currently available and may be used as an alternative to or alongside other treatments. These laser and light-based treatments do not use ultraviolet light (UVA or UVB), which is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer.

Types of laser and light-based therapies include:

• Photodynamic therapy (PDT): This technique combines red or blue light (or other light sources) with a topical substance (called a photosensitizer). The photosensitizer is absorbed by the skin and activated by light, which kills acne-causing bacteria and reduces oil production. This is the most established form of light therapy. Patients typically receive PDT treatment every one to four weeks. The procedure can be uncomfortable and may cause swelling, redness, and changes in skin color.
• Blue and red light therapy: These treatments use blue or red wavelengths of light to target acne-causing bacteria and reduce inflammation. Blue light is especially effective against bacteria, while red light penetrates deeper into the skin to help calm inflammation. They can be used alone or together and are often delivered in a series of weekly or twice-weekly office-based sessions. Most people see improvement in acne with minimal side effects.
• Intense pulsed light (IPL): IPL devices emit broad-spectrum light to address multiple factors that contribute to acne, including bacteria and excess oil production. IPL can also help improve skin tone and reduce redness. This type of treatment carries a higher risk of darkening skin (hyperpigmentation) and is often not recommended for people with darker skin tones.
• Photopneumatic therapy: This combines gentle vacuum suction with light treatment to help clear blocked pores and treat acne. The suction pulls the sebaceous gland closer to the skin’s surface and temporarily stretches the skin, helping to extract blocked sebaceous contents. Intense pulsed light is then delivered to the treatment area.
• Pulsed dye laser (PDL) uses yellow light to target blood vessels and inflammation in acne lesions. It is especially useful for treating red, inflamed pimples and can also help reduce scarring.
• 1064 nm laser: Commonly used for other skin conditions, such as tattoo removal or treatment of scars or moles, this type of laser may also be used to reduce oil production and improve skin texture. Several treatments are required.
• 1726 nm laser: This type of laser treatment uses a specific wavelength that targets oil glands in the skin. The devices include a cooling system to protect the skin and reduce discomfort. Most patients see a significant reduction in active acne lesions after several sessions, with continued improvement even after the last session. The 1726 nm laser is highly effective for moderate and severe nodulocystic acne.

Laser and light-based therapies are most often recommended for moderate to severe acne that hasn’t responded to standard creams or oral medications and for patients who have been unable to tolerate topical or oral regimens or prefer not to use them. The choice of treatment or combination of treatments will depend on the severity and location of acne, skin tone, and other factors.

Acne develops when hair follicles and associated oil glands (called sebaceous glands) become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. This can lead to the formation of blackheads, whiteheads, and inflamed lesions such as pimples, nodules, or cysts. Overactive sebaceous glands and the growth of acne-causing bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes) are key contributors to the development and persistence of acne.

Laser and light-based treatment for acne works by targeting one or more of these underlying causes:

• Sebaceous glands: Some lasers, such as the 1726 nm laser, are designed to specifically target and heat the sebaceous glands, which produce the oil that causes acne. The energy from the laser is absorbed by the oil in these glands. This reduces the size and activity of the glands and leads to less oil production, which helps prevent clogged pores and new acne lesions.
• Bacteria: Other types of light-based treatments, such as blue and red light therapy, work by activating natural chemicals in the bacteria that cause acne. This leads to the production of substances that kill the bacteria and reduce inflammation.
• Inflammation: Intense pulsed light and pulsed dye lasers can also target blood vessels and inflammation in acne lesions, leading to improved skin appearance.

By reducing oil production, killing acne-causing bacteria, and calming inflammation, laser and light-based treatments can help clear existing acne and prevent new breakouts. These treatments can also improve the overall appearance and texture of the skin and help reduce the risk of scarring that can occur from moderate or severe acne.

Laser or light-based therapy can be used to treat mild to severe acne, especially in people whose acne has not responded well to standard treatments or who have experienced side effects from standard treatment.

Acne is usually treated with medicines applied to the skin (such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or topical retinoids) as well as medications taken by mouth (such as antibiotics, hormonal therapy, or isotretinoin). Some people experience side effects from these medications, which can range from mild to more serious. Others continue to experience acne flares despite standard treatment. In these cases, doctors may recommend laser or light-based therapy to increase the chances of effective treatment for acne.

Laser or light-based treatment is suitable for a wide range of skin types, including individuals with darker skin tones.

Different laser and light-based treatments may be used for various forms of acne, including inflammatory acne such as papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, as well as noninflammatory acne like comedones (blackheads and whiteheads). Some devices, such as the 1726 nm laser, have shown effectiveness across a wide range of skin types.

Before recommending laser or light-based treatment for acne, a dermatologist will review each patient’s medical history, current medications, and previous acne treatments. They will perform a physical exam and discuss any skin sensitivities or conditions that could affect the procedure. Patients should inform their provider about any medications they are taking, especially those that increase skin sensitivity to light, as these may need to be adjusted or temporarily stopped before treatment.

Doctors will also explain the risks and benefits of the technique they recommend and discuss possible side effects as well as any precautions that may need to be taken after each treatment.

The procedure, which is minimally invasive, takes place in a dermatologist’s office. Before the procedure, the skin will be cleaned to remove any makeup, lotions, or creams. Patients may be asked to wear protective eyewear to shield their eyes from the laser or light. Some treatments, such as photodynamic therapy, may involve applying a special topical solution to the skin before exposure to light.

Most people do not require anesthesia, although some people experience discomfort with the procedure. Depending on the type of laser or light-based device used, the doctor may apply a cooling gel or use a built-in cooling system to help protect the skin and make the procedure more comfortable.

During the session, the doctor will use a handheld device to deliver controlled pulses of laser or light energy to the areas of skin affected by acne. The session usually lasts between 15 and 40 minutes, depending on the size of the treatment area and the type of device used. Sessions may take place one or two times a week or even daily, depending on the device used and other factors.

Laser treatment for acne is typically delivered in a series of sessions over several weeks. Following your dermatologist’s aftercare instructions will help ensure optimal improvement and minimize the risk of side effects.

After each session, there may be mild redness, swelling, or sensitivity in the treated areas. These effects usually fade within a few days. To ease discomfort, the dermatologist may apply soothing cream or recommend gentle skin care products.

Treated areas can be more sensitive to sunlight; it is important to avoid sun exposure and use sunscreen. Patients should also avoid using harsh or exfoliating products until the skin has fully recovered. Most people can return to other activities right away, though the dermatologist may provide specific instructions for aftercare.

Laser treatment for acne is generally safe, and careful selection of the appropriate device and proper technique can help minimize the risk of significant complications. However, as with any medical procedure, it carries potential risks and side effects.

Some people may experience temporary discomfort, such as a warming or tingling sensation during or after the procedure. Common reactions include mild redness, swelling, and sensitivity in the treated areas, which typically resolve within a few days.

Rare complications include blistering, scarring, or infection. These issues are usually managed by following the dermatologist’s aftercare instructions, using gentle skin care products, and protecting the skin from sun exposure. Occasionally, laser therapy causes changes in skin color, such as lightening or darkening, especially in people with darker skin tones. In some cases, this change in color may not completely resolve.

Prompt evaluation and treatment by a dermatologist are recommended if any unusual symptoms develop, such as persistent pain, severe redness, or signs of infection.

Many people who choose laser or light-based treatment for acne see improvement in their acne after a series of treatment sessions, with clearer skin and a lower chance of scarring than if the acne went untreated or undertreated. These improvements can last many months after treatment. Most people tolerate the procedure well, with only mild and short-lived side effects.

Protecting the skin from sun exposure and following aftercare instructions help maintain results and reduce the risk of complications. With proper care and continued management, laser treatment can offer lasting improvement in acne for many people.

“Advanced Acne Therapeutics at Yale offers comprehensive approaches specifically tailored to an individual’s needs and preferences,” says Yale Medicine dermatologist Sara Perkins, MD. “Our team consists of experts in both medical and aesthetic dermatology, providing state-of-the-art treatments that are personalized for each patient. We combine topical, oral, and procedural interventions to deliver the best possible outcomes.”